Abstract:Background: Childhood obesity is worldwide phenomena causing multiple morbidities. Globally, there will be 254 million obese children by 2030. Children are obese due to nutritional imbalances. The dietary patterns among Saudi children have shifted towards greater intake of sugary drinks and less milk intake. Limited research examined the relationship be-tween children beverage choices and their health. Purpose: This study assessed the pattern of sweetened beverages and milk consumption among school age children and its relationship with obesity. Methods: A cross section descriptive study of 589 children selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling technique from eight schools in Al Ahsa Governorate. Children demo-graphic information, milk and sweetened beverages consumption questionnaires developed by the researches. Children BMI calculated by CDC BMI Calculator. Results: More than third (37.2%) of children are overweight weight and obese. More than half of them consume sweetened/flavored milk (58.57%), majority (88.6%) consume sweetened juices and soft drinks (51.4%). Children also drink coffee (35.7%) and tea (52.5%) on daily bases. Older children who live in a large family with less educated parents and who consume sweetened beverages tend to be overweight and obese. Significant relationship found between children BMI and high consumption of coffee and tea. Conclusion: Children low consumption of healthy milk and overconsumption of sweetened beverage, coffee and tea lead to obesity. Recommendations: Community outreach programs promoting health beverage choice, replacing sweetened beverage with adequate milk conception, can be an effective strategy for maintaining a healthy BMI in school age children.
Abstract:In self-creation theory and general relativity, we study the Bianchi type V I0 cosmological model in the presence of a perfect fluid with anisotropic pressure. An exact solution of the Einstein field equations is allowed by considering the model yields a constant deceleration parameter. With anisotropic pressure, the entropy and thermodynamics functions in different directions (x, y and z) are introduced and studied. Physical and geometrical properties in different directions of the obtained models are discussed.
Abstract:In this research study, we have proposed a new eighth-order optimal method. The new method consists of three steps: the Newton step, an optimal fourth-order iteration scheme, and a simply structured third step that improves the convergence order up to at least eight and ensures an efficiency index of 1.682. The discussion focused on the convergence analysis of the new method. We provide numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method by comparing it to eighth-order numerical methods. Furthermore, we examine the complex dynamics and Attraction basins (AB), comparing them with various methods of the same order, and we present the results in summary tables.
Abstract:The objective of this study is to examine the factors that impact the inclination of Indian residents towards savings and their adoption of digital financial services. Specifically, the research focuses on identifying the determinants that influence the accessibility and utilisation of financial services among the population. This research endeavour aims to enhance comprehension of financial inclusion and its policy and institutional implications. The paper employs data from the 2021 Global Findex Database, a survey conducted by the World Bank, to evaluate financial inclusion in India. The survey involved 1,000 participants and was conducted with the aim of achieving the paper`s objectives. The present study utilises logistic regression and multinomial logistic analysis as its methodological approach to investigate the correlation between diverse factors and saving behaviour and digital financial inclusion. The research highlights key factors affecting saving behavior and digital financial inclusion, such as digital payments, gender, age, education, and income level. It shows that higher income, education, and engagement in digital payments positively impact savings and financial inclusion. Government transfers and agricultural payments also promote savings and digital payments. Policymakers should focus on targeted interventions to support disadvantaged groups and expand access to formal financial institutions, digital payment platforms, and financial literacy programs. Additionally, targeted social protection policies can improve financial wellbeing for vulnerable populations.
Abstract:Background: Successful psychological treatment requires addressing both external and internal obstacles. Further, addressing these obstacles can improve the quality of care and facilitate effective treatment. Objective: This study aimed to develop a scale of obstacles to successful psychotherapy programs, designed for psychologists in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Three hundred psychologists recruited from Saudi Arabia, completed the questionnaires of Obstacles Successful Psychotherapy Programs Scale (OSPPS). Results: The obtained results revealed favorable psychometric characteristics and factorial construction of the scale. Reliability coefficients, assessed through various methods including Cronbach`s alpha, Split-half method, and Guttman coefficient, demonstrated consistently good results. The internal consistency of the items was found to be high, with values ranging between (85, 90). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) showed satisfactory saturations for all scale items, exceeding the recommended threshold of 0.3. "Z" values in EFA were statistically significant at a 0.01 level. Furthermore, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indicated a robust fit for the model. Conclusion: The study concludes by recommended the utilization of the OSPPS in future research within the Arab context, specifically for psychologists interested in the field.
Abstract:Background: In 2017, the results of an 18-month follow-up showed only 0.002% of new HIV infections (of the 3/1069 in the high-risk group participating in PrEP treatment). In 2018, the HIV prevalence rate in the MSM group in Vietnam was 10.8%. Methods The study followed an analytical cross-sectional design with a sample size of 256 people. Research objective: determine the rate of adherence to PrEP and the factors related to nonadherence to PrEP. PrEP treatment and evaluation of PrEP treatment outcomes in high-risk subjects Subjects and research methods: People with HIV infection-risk behaviors should register for PrEP treatment in Ba Ria-Vung Tau province in 2020. Results Men make up 52.7% of the population; the age group 21?40 makes up 80.5% of the population; the self-employed (46.4%), MSM (45.7%), and sex workers (39%); and PrEP adherence is 47.7%. Age, occupation, and use of condoms when having sex are factors associated with nonadherence to treatment with PrEP in a multivariate logistic regression analysis with variables when analyzing univariate regression with p<0.1. Only three subjects were newly infected with HIV. Conclusion Recommendations: It is necessary to advise and warn subjects participating in PrEP treatment at a reduced risk of using condoms when having sex. Counseling and support for treatment adherence, focusing on groups under 40 years old. develop a peer network; guidelines for PrEP treatment include maintaining condom use during sex.
Abstract:A large number of concrete and steel structures are used in building structures, and the structure of buildings is becoming more and more complex, more and more high-rise buildings, the frequency and loss of high-rise buildings in the world are rising, leading people to pay more and more attention to the fire resistance of concrete and steel structures. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the material properties and structural damage trend of concrete and steel under fire. In this paper, the material properties of concrete and steel under high temperature are introducedinto the Peridynamics (PD) constitutive equation, and then the PD parameters under temperature are derived, and the structural damage and failure mechanism of concrete cube and Q345 steel specimen with initial cracks and screw holes under normal and high temperature conditions of 200℃, 400℃ and 600℃ are simulated. The results show that the temperature has a great influence on the damage rate and displacement value of the specimen, and the initial condition of the specimen has a great influence on the damage distribution and displacement distribution of the specimen.
Abstract:In this manuscript, we explore the Sumudu and Elzaki transforms and their applications to ordinary, partial, and integro-differential equations with variable coefficients. We introduce a novel technique for solving these equations and characterize the duality relationship between the Sumudu and Elzaki transforms, enabling the Sumudu transform to address previously unsolvable equations. Additionally, we derive the transforms of several commonly used functions in differential equations into well-known transforms based on this duality. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique in converting ordinary, partial, and integro-differential equations into simpler algebraic forms. Numerous examples are provided to validate our findings.
Abstract:For time-dependent or state-dependent delays, the continuously embedded Fehlberg fourth-fifth order Runge-Kutta technique (RKF45) is applied in this study. One advantage of this approach is that it can yield dependable results without requiring consideration of local approximation error and local integration error separately. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that this method can effectively handle derivative discontinuities when solving differential equations with delays. Functional differential equations are a powerful tool for solving problems in fields such as science, engineering, and technology. The delay, neutral differential equations, and functional differential equations in this work are mainly taken from mathematical literature and have been numerically solved using RKF45. The source of the equations and additional pertinent data are also provided. In many cases, graphs have been employed to compare the proposed method with analytical methods and orthogonal neural networks (ONNs) for various applications.
Abstract:Forty years ago, the IFA Team published The Inventory of the Lexical Particularities of French in Black Africa ?L?Inventaire des particularit?s lexicales du fran?ais en Afrique noire? (?quipe IFA, 1983). Since then, the lexical particularities of French in Africa have sparked renewed interest in lexicological research, lexicographical practices and even vocabulary teaching. As the language evolves through its enrichment through the creation of neologisms, we see new lexical forms emerging nowadays in the different varieties of French in Africa. If the emergence of a regional lexicon is not without consequences on the lexical system of the language, it goes without saying that these lexical particularities, which are mainly the result of new lexicogenetic processes, considerably impact the lexical system of French. Such an observation is legitimized by the specific case of French spoken in Burkina Faso where new lexical particularities are legion offering new avenues for reflection. These lexical particularities are flowing more and more into formal or standard French, since it is not uncommon to encounter them in language dictionaries, in teaching and in media, political, administrative and scientific discourse. They therefore constitute a reserve of words, even a potential lexicon, for the French language. The present study is interested in these lexical particularities, in order to determine, on the one hand, the lexicogenetic mechanisms that they induce in the overall functioning of French and, on the other hand, the reasons for their existence in that language.