Abstract:DNA can be a computational system, which must have an abstract process to correspond to its informatics definition. A Finite Status Machine (FSM) idea was used to define the close loop calculation of the number 1 to eight. The FSM idea only told us how the nucleosides A, U, C, and G be defined in the number 1 to 8 repeatedly. In the meanwhile, the pseudo check code idea was introduce to the nucleosides A, U, C, and G which do not be distinguished in the biochemistry textbook. And the check code idea made use of the ternary numeral system transformed the DNA codons into the number 1 to 64 in the decimal numeral system. Using this structure, all of the intrinsic problems of DNA codons can be interpreted, and the symmetrical structure of quantum chemistry can be easily found. We described a process to define code and there by understand how DNA codons transform into amino acids using simple calculations. This is the first time that quantum chemistry and amino acid translation have been integrated into a bioinformatics method. In addition, the periodic arranging of DNA codons can be seen as the digitized vocabulary of gene expression.
Abstract:Introduction: Rehabilitation of patients with amelogenesis imperfecta is a challenge because esthetics and function have to be restored, while keeping the treatment as conservative as possible.\nAim: To demonstrate a treatment solution option for patients with amelogenesis imperfecta. \nMaterials and methods: A 21-year-old Caucasian female presented with a mild case of amelogenesis imperfecta. She expressed concern about the esthetics of her central incisors and wanted to change only them. Tooth 11 had an extensive composite restoration done years ago, which lead to the withdrawal of the pulp. Teeth 11 and 21 were prepared for IPS e.max Press (Ivoclar Vivadent, Lichtenstein) crowns. After removal of the old composite filling, tooth 11 was short, but due to the pulp withdrawal, its vitality was preserved. \nResults: The lithium disilicate crowns of 11 and 21 were cemented with white and opaque composite cement to mimic the color of the adjacent teeth.\nDiscussion: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary condition that affects the formation of the enamel matrix or the enamel mineralization process of the primary and permanent dentition. The esthetic treatment of dark front teeth is challenging, as the final restorations should resemble the optical properties of natural teeth.\nConclusion: Treatment of patients with amelogenesis imperfecta requires careful planning depending on the severity of the case.
Abstract:Introduction: Esthetic front teeth indirect restorations may be challenging for the clinician, as well as for the dental technician.\nAim: To describe an indication for the use of metal-ceramic post-and-cores in complex esthetic restoration cases. \nMaterials and methods: A 24-year-old Caucasian female presented with severely destructed endodontically treated 21 and 22. 12 had a big composite restoration, 14, 16, 24, and 26 were extracted. Teeth 25 and 27 were endodontically treated and severely destructed, as well. Post-and-core were made for teeth 21, 22, 25 and 27. The core part of the post-and-cores of 21 and 22 was covered with opaque porcelain to hide the metal color. The final restorations were two metal-ceramic bridges – X-15-X-17 and X-25-X-27 and six lithium disilicate IPS e.max Press (Ivoclar Vivadent, Lichtenstein) crowns of 13, 12, 11, 21, 22 and 23. The opaque ceramics on the post-and-cores aided the esthetic effect and hid its metal color.\nResults: The opaque porcelain on the metal-ceramic post-and-cores hid the metal color, thus highly esthetic result was achieved.\nDiscussion: The esthetic treatment of dark and endodontically treated front teeth remains a challenge because dental materials should mimic the optical properties of natural teeth. Placing a layer of opaque ceramics on the core part is an excellent way of avoiding the esthetic drawbacks of a metal dowel-core, while preserving at the same time its strength. \nConclusion: Esthetic rehabilitation discolored front teeth requires a complex approach in order to provide a satisfactory outcome.
Abstract:Introduction: Hypodontia and diastemata are common aesthetic complaints of patients and often – a challenge for the clinician.\nAim: To demonstrate a prosthetic management of a pseudo hypodontia and diastemata case. \nMaterials and methods: A 27-year-old Caucasian female presented with wide diastemata between her front teeth. Tooth 24 was extracted in childhood, which lead to the distalization of 23 and the impaction of 25. 23 was in contact with 26, and the space between 23 and 22 was about one premolar in width. IPS e.max press veneers were made on 12, 11 and 21. An IPS e.max Press bridge was made between 22 and 23 due to the wide diastema between them. The pontic resembled a canine, and tooth 23 was made to look like a premolar for a more harmonious smile. \nResults: After the cementation of the final restorations, the smile line was parallel to the lower lip line and the smile looked balanced and symmetrical.\nDiscussion: Porcelain veneers, crowns and bridges have become an alternative to composite bonding and metal-ceramic crowns and an excellent solution for hypodontia and diastemata cases. \nConclusion: Press ceramics restorations may be used for correction of such cases without compromising the esthetics, function and stability of the outcome.
Abstract:Introduction: Crown lengthening procedures are esthetic and reflect the growing popularity of the ‘smile makeover’ procedures, as well as the understanding of the dentists of preserving the biologic width. \nAim: To demonstrate how the Crane-Kaplan pocket marker and the Er:YAG laser can be used for soft tissue crown lengthening with a predictable result and fast healing.\nMaterials and methods: A patient with altered passive eruption of the front teeth and premolars was subjected to Er:YAG laser soft tissue crown lengthening. The surgery was guided using the Crane-Kaplan pocket marker that pierced the gingiva and designated the bleeding points indicative of the gingival margin level. \nResults: The patient reported no discomfort immediately after the surgery or the week following it. Two weeks post-surgery the soft tissues were calm and pale.\nDiscussion: The Crane-Kaplan pocket marker helps applying in practice the biologic width concept and creating a 3 mm distance from the alveolar ridge to the margin of the future restoration. The Er:YAG laser ensures excellent hemostasis and moisture control, as well as precision and predictability. \nConclusion: The Crane-Kaplan pocket marker facilitates the management of aesthetic and functional demands. Er:YAG lasers ensure a faster and gentler procedure compared to the classic scalpel soft tissue crown lengthening.
Abstract:Introduction: Chu’s Aesthetic Gauges are used to restore the proper natural size and proportion of teeth based upon width once the incisal edge position is established. \nAim: To demonstrate how the gauge can be helpful for planning prosthetic restorations in the front area.\nMaterials and methods: A 24-year-old patient is subject to prosthetic restoration. She presented with an old unaesthetic crown, two congenitally missing lateral incisors, persistent deciduous canine and altered passive eruption of the front teeth. Er:YAG laser soft tissue crown lengthening was performed. After the surgery Chu’s Aesthetic Gauge was used to help the dentist and the dental technician predict the proportions of the future prosthetic restorations.\nResults: Using the measurements from the gauge, a prognostic wax-up was made in the laboratory. After the patient approved of the mock-up, the deciduous canine was extracted. Lithium disilicate crowns and a bridge were the final restorations, that restored the natural look of the smile.\nDiscussion: Measurements are performed directly on the teeth, which helps both the clinician and the dental technician to visualize the future outlines of the restorations more precisely.\nConclusion: Chu’s Aesthetic Gauge helps visual precision, and results in a successful and predictable treatment.
Abstract:Historically, agriculture has been one of the economic activities that has contributed to the development of regions and the world. For this reason, it has been intervened from different approaches in order to improve the productivity of agricultural systems and increase yield and profits, however, this increase in profitability has caused damage at the ecosystem level that has been irreparable on some occasions. Modern agriculture implies the use of efficient and beneficial microorganisms for the sustainability of the system over time and maintaining productivity, said organism is used for soil fertilization, biological control, increased productivity, synthesis of phytohormones, among other properties that make microorganisms an attractive strategy for production systems. In general terms, the use of microorganisms in productive systems in a natural or induced way leads to its sustainability, not only from an environmental point of view but also from a technical point of view, as long as the minimum conditions are provided for the establishment of microbial populations. These will produce metabolites and / or substances of interest for the production system in which they are applied or used.
Abstract:Abstract: Organizational climate is a function and interaction of employee with surrounding environment, it is a relatively enduring quality of the internal environment of an enterprise that felt by employees and affects behavior, it is expressed in terms of the values of a particular set of characteristics or attitudes of the enterprise. Organizational climate and the quality of work-life in nursing are problematic to measure due to differences and variation in personal characteristics, culture, organizational and work settings.\n \nAim of this study is to compare the organizational climate and quality of work-life of the nurse managers in selected hospitals in Egypt and Saudi Arabia.\n\nMethods: A descriptive cross sectional comparative research design was used. Setting: Fayoum University Hospitals, Egypt and Riyadh city Hospitals, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Sample: A convenient sample consisted of 108 nurse managers. Two tools were used; organizational climate and the Quality of work life questionnaires also ethical considerations were ensured.\n\nResults: The study showed that the organizational climate opinion of Egyptian nurses with Mean 卤SD of (33.78卤7) ranged from (20-50), while organizational climate opinion of Saudi nurse managers with Mean 卤SD of (34卤6.5) ranged from 9-45. As regard the quality of nursing work life parameters, there was statistically insignificant difference between Egyptian and Saudi nurse managers regarding to all parameters of quality work life scale P>0.05. There was a highly significant relation between organizational climate opinions and quality of work life of Egyptian and Saudi Arabia nurse managers P<0.001.
Abstract:The Kingdom\'s Vision 2030 is concerned with human development goals through the hub of a vibrant society and abundant environment, which refers to health, balanced style as they are the most important elements of life quality. From this logic , this research aim to describe the health and social effects on increasing obesity among children in the primary stage in the Ha’il region, then describe the health and social problems to decrease the wrong altitude of obese children. \nThis research is analytical descriptive studies, depend on social survey by the sample method with descriptive and analytical studies. This research was applied to a sample of obese children compared to normal weighted children, depending on side effects of increasing weight in the children in Ha’il region how to deal with them by medical and social scientific literature. The research is done in specialized obesity treatment centers in Ha’il and Primary education schools inside the city of Ha’il, and the time is 12 months for completion to reach its final form.\nThe statistical analysis showed that most of the behavioral patterns cause increase weight in children in the region of Ha’il is the wrong cultural and environmental behaviors in feeding, in addition to weak social relations with their friends and families. The research recommended the importance of inventing a social medical program to treat the wrong behavior patterns of obese children in Ha’il region.
Abstract:Nursing interventions following COVID-19 precautions should be carry out immediately for postpartum mother to promote mothers\' physical, psychological health and prevent deterioration of maternal and neonatal condition. Aim: to evaluate the effect of structured postpartum nursing intervention involving COVID-19 precautions on mother\'s knowledge, practice, fear level and neonatal care. Subjects: A purposive sample of 75 mothers during postpartum period was recruited in the study. Setting: The study conducted at the obstetrics and gynecology departments affiliated to University Hospital and Shebin El-Kom teaching hospital, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Tools of the study: A structured interviewing questionnaire included demographic data, obstetric history and assessment of mother鈥檚 knowledge regarding postpartum maternal and neonatal care , An observational checklist of mother practice of maternal and neonatal care, COVID-19 precautions knowledge questionnaire observational checklist about COVID-19 precautions practice, and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). Result: There was statistically significant difference in mothers\' knowledge and practice regarding postpartum maternal and neonatal care on post intervention and follow up intervention than pre intervention. Moreover, there was statistically significant difference in the mothers\' knowledge and practice regarding COVID-19 precautions at post intervention than pre intervention and follow up intervention than pre intervention. Besides, there was decrease in fear level on post and follow up intervention. Conclusion: Structured postpartum nursing intervention involving COVID-19 precautions had positive effect on mothers鈥� knowledge and practice and psychological status. Recommendations: postpartum nursing intervention involving COVID-19 precautions should be integrated as a routine care for all postpartum mothers.