Abstract:In the paper we study one-dimensional Dirac operator\nDy = By′ + P(x)y; y = (y1; y2)T ;\nwhere B =\n(\n0 1\n
Abstract:Tris-diamines derived transition metal complexes of naproxen with Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II) have been synthesized and characterized by (FT)-IR, UV-Vis, magnetic susceptibility, elemental analysis and conductivity measurement’s. Distorted Octahedral geometry has been proposed for the all synthesized complexes based on magnetic susceptibility and electronic spectra. Synthesized complexes have been evaluated against Jack bean Urease and acetylcholinesterase Furthermore, Urease inhibition studies showed that 1,2 diaminoethane and 1,3 diaminopropane derived transition metal complexes of naproxen (4a-c) and (5a-c), have more inhibition efficacy as compared to simple metal naproxen complexes (3a-c). Amongst all, the synthesized complexes (4a) have shown significant inhibition activities against urease with IC50 values of 18.07 ± 0.17 µM respectively, as compared to the standard drug thiourea. Cholinesterase inhibition studies of theses complexes revealed that metal complexes derived from 1,2-diaminoethane are most potent with least IC50 values against both (AChE) and (BChE) as compare to 1,3-diaminopropane. Among all complexes 4a revealed significant inhibition activities with least IC50 5.4±0.16 for (AChE) and 23.4±0.58 for (BChE) µM as compared to the Galatamine.
Abstract:We have attempted facile synthesis of mono and di-substituted anthranilamide derivatives and biologically evaluated our small molecules as inhibitor of cholinesterase and urease enzymes. In vitro assay results revealed that few of synthesized compounds possess better activity against cholinesterase (AChE, BChE) and urease enzymes as compared to standard drug galatamine and thiourea respectively. Amongst all, compound 3l can be considered as a lead dual cholinesterase inhibitor with IC50 values of 2.2±0.04 µM and 9.8±0.09 µM for AChE and BChE respectively. On the other hand, compound 3n (IC50=16.33±0.45 µM) is the most potent urease inhibitor. Preliminary in silico studies showed that most active derivatives were also having good pharmacokinetic profile with no AMES toxicity and carcinogenicity. Moreover, all synthesized compounds were predicted to be absorbed in human intestine and also have the ability to cross blood brain barrier. Overall, our synthesized small molecules have established a structural foundation for the design of new better enzyme inhibitors.
Abstract:The objective of this study was the antifungal essential oil activity. The InVitro antifungal activity of myrtle essential oil against seven fungi allowed us to specify the corresponding minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of mycelial growth for each fungal strain. Results showed evidence for a strong inhibitory activity of this essential oil. Concentrations of 5 ?l/ml and 9 ?l/ml were sufficient for the total inhibition of the development of of S. rolfsii and S. sclerotiorum, respectively. When used on on potato tubers by applying the MIC 100% of S. rolfsii or F. solani, the fungicidal effect varied according to the type. Mean penetration of S. rolfsii was significantly inhibited (3 mm) by myrtle essential oil used as a preventive control in comparison with the inoculated control (12 mm). Myrtle oil was able to control the white rot of potato tubers caused by F. solani by reducing the average penetration by 70%. Myrtle essential oil have promising antifungal effects to be valorized in agricultural activities.
Abstract:Introduction: the nursing diagnosis is part of the systematization of nursing care, constitutes an important stage between consultation and prescriptions, and allows planning the care based on scientific knowledge. Objective: To identify nursing diagnoses in the perception/cognition domain of NANDA-I Taxonomy II in people living with AIDS, hospitalized in a reference hospital in the treatment of infectious diseases in Northeastern Brazil. Method: This is a descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, carried out with 113 patients from March to September 2014. Data were collected using two instruments adapted to perform anamnesis and physical examination. For the identification of the diagnoses, the Gordon diagnostic process and the descriptive statistics were used. Results: Four nursing diagnoses were identified: Deficient Knowledge, Risk of Acute Confusion, Impaired Memory and Impaired Verbal Communication. Conclusion: This result allowed verifying, through the nursing process, that clinical reasoning is fundamental for the development of nursing diagnoses and their interventions to care focused on the needs of patients with AIDS.
Abstract:Introduction: The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome currently represents one of the great challenges to research, treatment and clinical and social intervention. With the advent of antiretroviral therapy, it became a chronic disease. Objective: To evaluate the level of adherence to antiretroviral treatment in AIDS patients and to identify the factors associated with the interruption. Method: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study involving adults with AIDS in antiretroviral treatment. The sample consisted of 339 individuals who received medication at the pharmacy of a hospital reference in the treatment of infectious-contagious diseases in Northeastern Brazil. Results: When analyzing the information provided through the users’ self-report, 80% were classified as good adherence, 15% were in the critical zone and only 5% had poor adherence. However, when using the records of the pharmacy, 50% were in the critical zone, 30% had good adhesion and 20%, poor adhesion. Conclusion: The study identified that, through the analysis of the users’ self-report, the majority was classified as good adherence, but the pharmacy records showed that most patients were in the critical zone.
Abstract:Introduction: About 36.9 million people are living with HIV worldwide. Each year, two million people are infected, and 1.2 million people have died from AIDS worldwide. The AIDS mortality rate dropped significantly to 5.5 per 100,000 inhabitants, due to the increased level of antiretroviral adherence. Objective: to elaborate a decision tree to formulate the nursing diagnosis lack of adherence and anxiety in people living with AIDS. Method: This is a methodological study, with a quantitative approach, carried out at a hospital reference in the treatment of infectious-contagious diseases in northeastern Brazil. The study population consisted of patients with AIDS hospitalized at the hospital unit. The sample consisted of 113 participants. The elaboration of the diagnoses was procedural, carried out simultaneously with the data collection, seeking to identify the defining characteristics and related/risk factors according to NANDA-I, version 2012-2014. The structuring of the nursing diagnoses followed the stages of Risner\'s clinical judgment. For the treatment of the data collected, the instruments were numbered and the variables were coded and inserted into a database built in the Excel for Windows program. For the analysis of the degree of agreement between the researcher and the specialists, the Kappa index was chosen. Results: The study identified the main nursing diagnoses in hospitalized patients, such as the diagnosis lack of adherence, which was present in 100% of the participants and with a concordance index greater than 80% among the specialist nurses. Associated with the diagnosis of lack of adherence, the study identified the main defining characteristics and related factors that were related to this diagnosis. One of the related factors was the lack of sufficient knowledge on the therapeutic regimen as one of the main causes related to the lack of adherence to treatment. From the respective defining characteristics and related factors, the decision tree was elaborated. Conclusion: The data of the study allowed demonstrating that the decision model of the diagnosis of lack of adhesion presented as a major defining characteristic the lack of adherence behavior and related factors, insufficient knowledge on the therapeutic regimen and complex treatment regimen.
Abstract:The aim of research is studying the activity of the enzymes involved in energy metabolism of the brain: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aconitase (AH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in brain structures of the rats exposed prenatally to hypoxia. The female pregnant rats were exposed to hypoxia with mixture of 5% O2+ 95% N2 in organogenesis stage daily for 5 days for 20 min. The progeny was bred until 17-, 30-, 90-days-old ages. Orbital, sensorimotor, limbic cortices, hypothalamus and cerebellum were removed for study of enzymes activity in tissue, cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions. It was revealed that increasing of LDH- and MDH-activities (p<0.001; p<0.01, correspondently) in the brain structures of the rats prevented metabolic disturbances in the regulation mechanisms of biosynthetic and bioenergy processes in the brain. AH-activity increased having reversible character (p<0.01). The highest indices of SDH- activity were noticed in the hypothalamus and cerebellum of 30-day old rats as compared to the other structures (p<0.001). This can be explained by the activation of biosynthetic reactions in these brain structures. At the same time, different directional changes of these enzymes can be related to the structural organization of the brain on the organogenesis stage. Analysis of the changes in the enzyme system during postnatal ontogenesis allows to revealing adaptive mechanisms formed in this period and studying the dynamics of alteration in their activity in different functional states under hypoxia. The results will give an opportunity to revealing adaptive resources of the enzyme systems in the organism.
Abstract:Objective: Genetic variations like polymorphisms underlie differences in our susceptibility to diseases. According to our literature reviews we have found three polymorphisms which contribute to breast cancer development from different pathways. However genetic variations of polymorphism vary between populations according to gene pools, life style and gene-environment interactions. Based on these findings we aimed to investigate the association between p53 gene codon 72 polymorphism, MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism and PAI-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism and breast cancer in a Turkish study population. \nMaterial and Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from 100 women (52 with breast cancer and 48 controls) in the study. PCR technique was used to amplify extracted DNA with proper primers for each polymorphism. For identifying genotypes PCR products were assessed with UV transilluminator by being exposed to agarose gel electrophoresis. \nResults: According to genotype distributions and allele frequencies of three polymorphisms there were no statistical differences between breast cancer patients and control group. \nConclusion: As a conclusion of our study we may assert that p53 gene codon 72, MTHFR gene C677T and PAI-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphisms should not be considered as susceptibility factors for breast cancer development. However polymorphism studies with larger numbers of the population provides more meaningful results. The significance of our result remains to be further investigated in different and even larger populations, combined with other polymorphisms considered as susceptibility factors for breast cancer.
Abstract:This paper is a part of a multi-disciplinary research "Application of Decentralized on Site Sewage Water Treatment*Japanese Johkasou System*in Egypt to investigate the environmental impact of implementing sewage water before and after treatment using the effluent of this system on broiler rearing and performance , as well as to strengthen the sanitary conditions of water resources. Both influent (no-treated sewage water, NTSW) and effluent (treated sewage water, TSW) were used. NTSWs (100% ,70%, and 30%),TSW, and tap water (TW) samples were analyzed chemically and bacteriologically before offering adlibtum to chicks. The impact of used water on broiler health and performance indices was investigated. 130 day old chicks were assigned into 5 groups (26 each). Food, water intakes and live body weight were estimated weekly (FI,WI, LBW). Higher values of chemical and bacteria parameters were recorded from NTSWs. TSW revealed decreased chemical values versus NTSW, as well as, Total Colony Count (TCC) and Total Colifom Counts relatively. Between the 2nd-5th weeks, both TSW and NTSW 30% increased the bird’s desire to feed more than NTSW (100%, and 70%). Chickens which received NTSWs had lower LBW during 1st-3rd weeks compared to groups received TSW and TW. NTSW (100%,70%) where decreased performance indices (Food Conversion Rate, Live Body Weight, European Production Efficiency, and Production Efficiency Factor ,FCR, LBW, EPE and PEF respectively) with economic losses .Water secure and resource sustainability in Egypt can be restored through treating sewage water biologically as with Japanese Johkasou system