The paper provides a diagnosis of the fragile position of developing countries in the knowledge economy and proposes recommendations to enhance it. The paper opted for: to measure the intensity of the contribution of knowledge to the economic performance of developing countries, a Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) has been developed to classify industries according to the knowledge content (high, medium and low). We present a number of theoretical, making use of econometric techniques developed to justify the role of knowledge production and ownership of skills in the development of activities that generate high added value. We constated that: The Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) follows the following form: ??EI??(Developing Countries)=0.43*HK+0.16*(R&D)+0.43*TFP ??EI??(Industrialized Countries)=0.32*HK+0.30*(R&D)+0.38*TFP The success of a strategy of building the knowledge economy will depend on a number of conditions which require, among other things, a deepening of reforms to the pillars of economy, development of a modern infrastructure science and technology, skills development and intensification of scientific research, a favorable regulatory framework for economic and technological change and respect the rules of intellectual property.

In this work, circular slices of carrots were dried at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C. The carrot slices were cut with average thickness of 4.5 mm. A numerical solution was proposed for the diffusion equation in Cartesian coordinates (one-dimensional case), in order to describe the drying process. The diffusion equation was discretized assuming the variation of the effective diffusivity and the thickness of the slices. Six empirical equations found in the literature were analyzed to study the drying rate. A period of induction was observed at the four temperatures studied. These periods were considerable, especially at temperatures of 40 and 50 °C. The proposed diffusive model described well the periods of decreasing rate, with good statistical indicators for all fits.

Pseudoaneurysms of the deep femoral artery (DFA) are not uncommon and are seen after wide range injuries that include blunt, penetrating and iatrogenic trauma. When present they are large, slowly growing false aneurysms that can present with a variety of complication from infections and septic embolization to rupture and compartment syndrome. The surgical approach to the DFA can be either direct anterior or lateral approach. The anterior approach to DFA is described for both elective and emergency surgery however; the lateral approach to DFA is not yet described for Pseudoaneurysm of the DFA. We report the first case of pseudo-aneurysm of the DFA in which lateral approach was used in an emergency situation. Our case is of a large pseudo-aneurysm complicated by an arterio-venous fistula due to a gunshot injury in a patient who had initial internal fixation of fracture of the upper shaft of the femur. Due to the anatomical position of the complex Pseudoaneurysm arterio-venous fistula [PSA-AVF] at the junction of the third (3rd) perforator of the deep femoral artery and the deep femoral artery itself, and the absence of endovascular options in our hospital, open surgery using a direct lateral approach to the distal DFA lesion was performed. The pseudo-aneurysm arterio-venous fistula complex was successfully resected via this approach which offered many advantages over the traditional direct anterior approach to the DFA.

A novel Lipolytic Micrococcus strain isolated from dry contaminated habitat in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Lipolytic, or lipase producing, bacteria are a promising focus for future study, because lipases employed in a transesterification reaction cause the production of biodiesel. This study examines various aspects of biofuel production employing lipolytic bacteria isolated from soil containing waste products, or organic feedstock, specifically the isolation of a total of nine bacterial strains from different locations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, including one novel lipolytic bacteria. Characterization of the strains, including their growth pattern, lipolytic transesterification activity, and identification by gene sequencing is conducted. The findings obtained by employing next generation sequencing of 16S rDNA reveal that the maximum lipolytic activity in one bacterial strain, ‘2030’, characterize this as a highly efficient strain. The identification results evidence strain 2030 as Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus) strain 2030 (accession number- MK300598). A phylogenetic analysis of M. luteus strain 2030 is conducted with similar 47-strain sequences available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank database, employing MEGA 6 software.

The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the antibacterial activity of photodynamic therapy with PACT 300 on an experimental bacterial biofilm in the root canal system consisting of Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. Method and material: The study was performed on 22 single root extracted teeth which were prepared with rotary nickel-titanium endodontic files. As control group were used 2 teeth (n=2) and the others (n=20) were divided into 2 groups according to the root canal disinfection method: 1st group - passive irrigation, 2nd group - photodynamic therapy with PACT 300. Results: After microbiological analysis no Candida albicans colonies were observed in PACT 300 photodynamic therapy and the percentage of Enterococcus faecalis was reduced to 99%.

A secure and scalable healthcare data sharing in the cloud was developed by Key-Aggregate Cryptosystem (KAC). KAC provided single encryption using distinct public-keys and delegation of decryption rights for any set of ciphertexts using an aggregated secret key. However, predefined bound of the number of maximum ciphertext classes and leakage of delegation keys were main problems in KAC. Scalable and Enhanced-KAC (SE-KAC) scheme was proposed to dynamically decide the number of ciphertext classes using an elliptic curve and improving the security level of KAC using double encryption. Mostly healthcare data are highly sensitive in such case access control is more required to allow only the authorized users can access the healthcare data. So, decentralized attribute-based access control with anonymous authentication is included in SE-KAC to provide access control on healthcare data with anonymous authentication. However, the access policy may leak privacy about end-users to the attacker. In order to solve this problem, the attributes in the access policies are hidden by using Attribute Bloom Filter (ABF). But by continuously querying the ABF, the attribute names in access policies can be guessed by the attacker. So, an online and offline technique is introduced which creates index and trapdoor to effectively deal with the offline guessing attack. Healthcare record suffers from the inference attack which is handled by proposing SE-KA-Inference Attack Resistant-EAC (SE-KA-IAREAC) scheme where two-layer encryption technique is introduced which concealing the privacy of role attributes in healthcare data. Thus the proposed SE-KA-EAC and SE-KA-IAREAC schemes enhance the security level and preserve the privacy of healthcare data more effectively.

Abstract\nThis study is aimed to compare the impact of acne on body dysmorphic disorder symptoms and self-esteem among adolescents with acne and those free from it. A descriptive comparative design was utilized. The present study was conducted at the Family medicine outpatient clinic and the Dermatology department in El-Manial Teaching Hospital. A systematic random sample consisted of 300 adolescents divided into two groups. Each group composed of one hundred and fifty adolescents. Group (1) adolescents diagnosed with acne attending the Dermatology Outpatient Clinics, group (2) the controls which included adolescents free from acne selected from the Family Medicine Clinic. Four tools were used to collect the data for the current study, Socio-demographic data sheet, Body Dysmorphic Disorder Diagnostic Module-for Adolescents, the BDD-YBOCS questionnaire and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The results revealed that, there was no significant difference in the severity of BDD between both groups. BDD is a common psychiatric problem among adolescents as (10.3%) was positive for BDD. Prevalence of BDD among group (1) was higher than group (2), (14.7%) of group (1) were positive for BDD compared to (6%) of f group (2). Among group (2), there were different foci of concern; obesity and hair were prominent among the different foci, representing (44.4%) and (33.3%) respectively. The study concluded that, group (1) had lower self-esteem compared to group (2) who were free of acne. It was recommended that, early referral of this particularly vulnerable population might be a crucial step in the prevention and treatment of this distressing disease.

Bitcoin is a decentralized monetary system and currency of this system. Bitcoin, designed as a one-to-one electronic money system, sparked interest in financial policy and became very common in a short time. In particular, bank fees for each transfer or purchase of money accelerated the transition to the Bitcoin system. As a result of the increased use of Bitcoin and its use as an investment tool, the principle of operation of this decentralized system and its influence on traditional currency markets are the goal of this study. To this end, the interaction between the daily bitcoin exchange rates and daily trading volume 27.12.2013-01.02.2018 was tested using Granger causality analysis. As a result, the study established the existence of a one-sided causal link between a change in price and a change in transaction.

Production of clean renewable energy is growing globally. Besides, many countries have attempted to become hubs for wind energy extraction owing to their moderate weather and availability of resources to generate wind energy throughout the year. An NACA 821 wind turbine blade airfoil for a horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) was used in the current analysis assuming four different types of materials: aluminium, steel, and two different composite materials. A finite element simulation of fatigue mechanical loading was conducted to predict the fatigue life and deformation of the blade. Detailed stress analysis of the HAWT blade with different materials was performed. The rotor blade design was based on the maximum values of deflection and bending stresses at extreme loading conditions. The stress analysis results were compared with those of the four blade materials. It was found that the fatigue life of the NACA 821 blade was 109 cycles; besides, it can withstand a von Mises stress of 10 MPa.

In recent years, juvenile delinquency tends to increase with complicated development. There are many reasons for this situation, but one of the basic causes is that family and school have not properly performed their functions in education, including law-related education. There are many ways to assess the effectiveness of law-related education provided by family and school to children; however, in this article, we only mention students\' assessment of law-related education. The article focuses on analyzing students\' assessment of law-related education from three aspects: 1) importance; 2) content; 3) methodology. \nThe survey found that most children are properly aware of the importance of LRE: 77.6% of students declared that LRE in family is very important, 15.7% said it is important. Students\' assessment of LRE in family, 42.4% said that LRE in family is good and useful; 51.5% said it is of average quality; 3.4% said it\'s not good/boring. \nStudents\' assessments of teachers\' and parents\' methodology of LRE are quite similar: 36.7% of students said that teachers\' methods are easy to understand, remember and lively: 31.9% of them also gave the same assessment for their parents\'. Similarly, the teaching methods of teachers and parents are assessed as easy to understand but rigid and dogmatic by 13.5% and 15.6% of students, respectively. 45.5% of students think teachers\' methods are of average quality and 47.1% have the same answer regarding their parents\' methods.

Using gas chromatography, coupled with mass spectrometry, the concentrations of seven widely used herbicides were determined, namely Agroxone, Dicamba-Methyl Esther, Mycotox, Dichlorprop, 2,4-D, 2,4-D-Ethyl Esther and 2,4,5-T-Methyl Esther as well as some mono-, di- and tri - chlorinated derivatives of phenol, in surface waters of three rivers in the central plateau of Mexico and irrigation channels associated with one of them. The concentrations found were very high, in the range of μg L-1, highlighting the risk they pose to human and ecosystems health because of their indiscriminate use. The factorial analysis of the concentrations showed a seasonal pattern for the herbicides used, with a predominant use in the rainy season to control weeds that arise in that time. The Agroxone had a different behavior that showed higher levels in the dry season.

The extraction of the lower third molar is a common dental procedure. The risk predictor signs in the panoramic (PAN) radiographs can estimate the relation of the roots to the inferior alveolar canal (IAC). We aimed to investigate the practitioner\'s perception of the risk predictor signs in the PAN radiographs to assess the proximity of the third molar to the IAC and to evaluate the percentage of referral to cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans by practitioners with different levels of experience.Methods includes ten PAN radiographs with different risk predictor signs aligned with prior CBCT scans were used. A cross-sectional study involving interns, general dentists, oral surgery residents, surgeons, and oral radiologists was conducted to fulfill the objectives. Results showed no significant relation between the risk predictor sign identification and the levels of experience except in the case of root deviation, where the oral surgeons and radiologists showed more knowledge. The oral radiologists had the highest referral percentage, while the oral surgeon\'s referral was limited. In conclusion, the level of agreement between participants with different levels of experience was poor on all radiographic parameters and a non-significant association between the risk predictor signs and the CBCT referral was noted.

Objective. The network of healthcare around the world and in literature is known as one of the key nonfinancial mechanisms of selection as well as that of rational behavior of patients that function as users of healthcare services. The chief purpose of this article is to present possible projections for placement of optimal network of secondary healthcare in Slovenia, following the exact purpose of building a completely new network within the Slovenian unoccupied geographical area. Such types of projections enable us to set new starting points of expertise regarding potential location changes of general hospitals in Slovenia or potential decisions on reducing the number of general hospitals.\nMethods. For the purpose of projection for placement of optimal network of secondary healthcare, we used the location-allocation model, the central method of which is the MA-model. The chief purpose of MA-model is to determine the best possible locations of providers, thus leading to maximum attendance. This model should increase the amount of points of inquiries that can be covered by an individual provider with regards to time limit and specific distance. The chosen MA-model working within the location-allocation method was used along with the ArcGIS tool for network analysis. \nResults. First of all we defined hypothetical locations of optimally located hospitals, which enable access to the closest provider in three different time intervals. Simultaneously, we also presented the hypothetical number of optimal locations (or the hypothetical number of general hospitals). Our results clearly state that we can ensure access to a provider of secondary healthcare activities for at least 80% of the total population of Slovenia within the 30-minute time interval with only ten general hospitals. The 45-minute interval demands five general hospitals, while the 60-minute time interval can ensure access for at least 80% of the whole population using only two general hospitals. \nConclusion. Such projections enable us to establish new starting points of expertise regarding potential location changes of general hospitals in Slovenia or potential decisions connected to reducing the number of general hospitals respectively. The results present a strong case of professional support that should definitely influence future healthcare policy.

Abstract \nTourism is a rapidly growingsector; it has become the interest of many countries including Jordan to reply on it as a strategic promising economic sector when planning to their economic development and sustainability. The tourism sector and its important contributions to developing countries in particular, have helped to increase the desire of women to work. However, their participation at the local level of developing countries remains low, especially in Jordan, despite the availability of teaching institutes to improve their skills there is still a decline in women’s participation especially Petra, which is one of the most important tourist cities Jordan attracts foreign tourism, which imports the domestic output of foreign currencies. Hotel sector in Petra is still dominated by males because they are associated with social and religious customs and traditions. Petra depends mainly on tourism income and contributes to the gross domestic product of Jordan despite many efforts were dedicated to increase the participation of women in the labor market to achieve gender equality, representation is still brittle compared to local and global proportions.The current study aims to explore challenges facing women work in the hotel sector at Petra region from the perspective of women who work in this sector. Qualitative research approach through four main focus groups was used. Content analysis for the collected qualitative data was adopted. The results show that there are many challenges facing women work in hotel sector which is considered a \"defect\" by society, which is one of the challenges that were revealed, in addition to the society\'s negative view. Challenges were summarized into three main axes; the first one is social factors, the second religious factors; and the third were personal reasons.

Vaccination is one of the most efficient measures in the prevention of immune preventable diseases, and it requires appropriate knowledge to guarantee its quality, without compromising its efficiency and effectiveness. The objective of the study was to analyze the conservation process of vaccines in the basic health units. It is a descriptive research, the vaccine rooms of all the basic health units of the municipality were assessed in the months of September and October of 2018. The study rooms included vaccines in the urban and rural areas. Of the 19 rooms evaluated, 10 rooms are located in the urban area and nine in the countryside. It was observed that the physical structure of the vaccine rooms presents some inadequacies when in the physical space, control of the local temperature and the location with incidence of direct sunlight. As for the conservation of vaccines, most vaccine rooms follow the standards of conservation required as the correct setting of the vaccines in the thermal boxes and during the administration process. It is necessary for the municipal health manager to invest in improvements in the infrastructure of vaccine rooms and the professionals trained for the correct maintenance of the vaccine.

The results of theoretical studies to justify the reduction of material and energy costs by developing effective methods for the use of energy technology facilitiesof animal husbandry and poultry have been presented. The need to improve the efficiency of technology facilities arose on the basis of the requirements of commodity producers for maintaining competitiveness in the food market, reducing the cost of production under conditions of a constant increase in prices of equipment and energy carriers. The theoretical analysis of efficiency showed that energy savings in animal husbandry and poultry farms, optimization of constructive-technological schemes and operating modes, expansion of the functional capabilities of the systems and improvement of their operating conditions will be able to provide significant additional economic effect. We used methods based on system analysis of production processes. The solution of engineering, zoo-engineering and sanitary-hygienic complex problems, the development of methodological bases for calculation and designing were carried out using the laws and methods of classical electromechanics, physics, thermotechnics, aerodynamics, chemistry, probability theory,mathematical modeling and optimization. It has been established that by effective circulation of the air flow, it is possible to reduce the uneven air temperature inside the room. It is noted that the efficiency of using mono technology can be enhanced by optimizing the operating modes of energy technology facilities, reducing material resources, expanding the functionality of energy technology system, improving technical means, the quality indicators of technological processes performedand the operating conditions of heat engineering equipment. A method is proposed for evaluating the efficiency of thermal mass exchange processes in the facilities of heat treatment of feed and manufactured products.