Violence forms part of the daily life of the people worldwide. This encompasses not only enviromental violence, community or school violence but also family violence. The later could be considerably serious especially when perpetrated on the mother and her children. It is very important that the medical community and in general the society bear in mind that violence against women in different stages of their life could have physical as well as emotional repercussions on their children. This work analyzes the situation where the woman is a victim of some types of violence, be it physical; sexual; emotional or economic, as seen when she is pregnant and as a consequence, her children could directly or indirectly be jeopardized or suffer some damage with the clinical expressions sprouting up in short, medium or long terms, manifestations that receive little attention or consideration by the attending family physicians or pediatricians.

Energy has become a strategic factor in global politics, a vital component and a cost factor for economical growth and the progress of society overall, by generating a series of major preoccupations on a global level. Romania possesses a diverse range of fossil and mineral primary resources, yet reduced quantitatively: crude oil, natural gases, coal, uranium ore, as well as an important potential of renewable resources.\nTo support the investment in the capitalization of renewable resources, Romania’s authorities have promoted a very generous scheme of subventions through green certificates which manufacturers receive for free, and sell them on a specialized market, where manufacturers are bound to purchase them for covering the minimum, mandatory quotas of renewable energy from the total energy delivered to the final consumers. This quota is established every year by the National Regulatory Authority (ANRE).\nThis work deals with the organization and functioning of the green certificates’ market and the accounting regulations for the transactions with these securities. Given the fact that the law states a minimum value for the green certificates as well as these are traded in a regulated framework, trading values being available, it is proposed for them a distinct accounting approach.

Background \nUreterovaginal fistula (UVF) is a well-recognized complication of pelvic surgery. It appears to be a significant contributor to the burden of urinary incontinence.\n Objective\nThis study seeks to document our experience in the management of ureterovaginal fistula in a low-resource setting. \n Methodology\nThis retrospective study was conducted at the National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Abakaliki, Nigeria from January 2011 to July 2015. The history, physical findings, diagnosis, operation notes and follow-up notes of women managed for ureterovaginal fistula formed the basis of this study. Relevant information was extracted and entered into a proforma. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. \nResults \nThe prevalence of UVF was 4.0%. The leading aetiological factor was emergency caesarean section (CS). Midline subumbilical incision was the predominant route of the offending abdominal surgery. In 95% of patients, the diagnosis was made clinically by dye test. The transabdominal route of repair was used in all the patients. In 65% of the patients, the left ureter was affected. Eighty-six percent of the clients did not have any post-operative complication. All the patients had ureteroneocystostomy and remained dry after 3months.\nConclusion\nUreterovaginal fistula seems to be a worrisome iatrogenic cause of urinary incontinence and the left ureter is more commonly affected. In low-resource settings, clinical diagnosis may be sufficient in selected patients and ureteroneocystostomy gives excellent outcomes.

Identification of newborns with brain damage following birth asphyxia should enable neuroprotective interventions and limit the extent of injury.This study aimed to show the early postnatal dynamics of the catalytic activity of creatine-kinase brain isoenzyme (CK-BB) in serum of the full-term newborns and its value as predictor of the severity of brain damage (Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, HIE). Material: newborns born at the Gyn&Obs; Clinic in Skopje, Macedonia investigated by clinical, biochemical and statistical methods. Results: 92/5494 full term newborns met the eligible criteria, survived birth asphyxia. Performing clinical-neurological Sarnat&Sarnat; classification, 18.5% newborns had no signs of HIE, and 81.5% had some level of HIE. The values of the catalytic activity of CK-BB had specific course in all three intervals between the control and investigated group (p<0.05), and within the subgroups. Overall mean value CK-BB in the control group was 31.3 U/l versus 204.2 U/l in the examined group. The Spearman coefficient of correlation (R) was very high for the value of CK-BB and correspondent stage of HIE. Conclusion: CK-BB is highly predictive in assessing the severity of HIE, and can serve as early indicator for the brain damage and short term outcome of the asphyxiated full-term neonates when measured soon after birth.

The main goal of this study is to provide an operator-theoretic framework for the investigation of discontinuous Sturm-Liouville problems with eigenparameter appearing in the boundary-transmission conditions. We introduce some self-adjoint compact operators in suitable Sobolev spaces such a way that the considered problem can be reduced to an operator-pencil equation. For the problem under consideration we define a new concept so-called generalized eigenfunctions. Then we prove that the system of generalized eigenfunctions form a Riesz basis of the appropriate Hilbert space.

A 7-year-old intact female Maltese dog was presented with a history of bite wounds. Physical examination revealed labored breathing, four puncture wounds with subcutaneous emphysema of the thorax, and paradoxical respiratory movement of the right thoracic wall. On radiography, a segmental fracture of the right 7th rib and a single fracture of the 8th rib were evident on the dorsal thorax. The inward displacement of the fractured segment and contusion of the right caudal lung lobe were identified with computed tomography. A diagnosis of pseudo-flail chest was made. Exploratory thoracotomy revealed a full-thickness muscular defect, a marked discoloration of the right caudal lung lobe, a segmental fracture of the right 7th rib, and a single fracture of the right 8th rib. Necrotic tissues were removed using surgical debridement. The fractured 7th and 8th ribs were corrected using a single interfragmentary wiring technique. Thoracic wall was reconstructed using the latissimus dorsi muscle flap. Additional thoracic stabilization using a thermoplastic splint was applied to correct paradoxical respiratory movement. The external splint was removed 4 weeks post-operatively. There was no evidence of respiratory abnormalities 18 months post-operatively.

Vedic multiplier is a technique to solve the arithmetic problems simpler and mentally. The conventional Vedic multipliers are faster than the conventional binary multipliers and also it occupies less area only. In this paper, high speed Vedic multiplier is designed by modifying Nikhilam sutra principles using bit reduction technique. In the calculation of remainder in Vedic multiplier based on Nikhilam Sutra, the addition and subtraction is done with the base value of 10 for decimal number system. For binary multiplication, base 2 is considered and 2’s complement is taken to derive the remainder in the algorithm. In this work, the remainder is calculated using bit reduction technique to reduce the complexity of the multiplier. The first two bits are reduced from the given N-bit number. Hence, the multiplier size is reduced to N-2 for remainder multiplication. Additionally, shift operations are needed to perform the multiplication of two N-bit binary numbers. The proposed algorithm is implemented using mentor Graphics tool. The results are compared N-bit conventional multipliers and the proposed method. Comparing with other methods, the combination of proposed method in combination with Wallace multiplier occupies less area and consumes less power with minimum computation time. The proposed design is suitable for high speed compact size arithmetic applications.

Pork bones, industrial carnic by products, they were carbonized at 800 °C in N2 and CO2 atmospheres for 2 h with a heating rate of 3 °C min-1 and a N2 flow of 80 cm3 min-1. The chars obtained, was characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms at -192 °C, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and EDX, basic and acid groups and immersion calorimetry (acid, base, benzene and water). The textural parameters showed surface areas characteristic of mesoporous materials with surface area values of 114 and 104 m2 g-1. Additionally, adsorption isotherms of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) were made on the char obtained, and the adsorption behavior was studied using the models of Langmuir and Freundlich and immersion calorimetry (DNP). These materials permit obtained an adsorption capacity of DNP (11.99 mg g-1).

Concomitant cases of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune hematological disorders [autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Evans syndrome (ES) involving both AIHA and ITP, and pernicious anemia (PA)] are relatively rare. Herein, concomitant cases of PBC and autoimmune hematological disorders (AIHA excluding ES, 20 cases; ITP excluding ES, 19; ES, four; PA, five cases) reported in the English and Japanese scientific literature have been reviewed and summarized. There were no obvious correlations between the incidence of these autoimmune hematological disorders and PBC staging or progression. However, PBC may tend to precede AIHA or ITP after excluding cases in which both diseases were almost simultaneously diagnosed. In reported concomitant cases, there was no obvious tendency toward poor prognosis as results of coexistence of both conditions. However, it remains uncertain whether concomitant cases occur randomly or share a common immunological or genetic basis, as further investigations were not conducted in most of these cases.

Activated carbons were prepared from lignocellulosic waste material (shell of Eucalyptus globulus), by chemical activation by impregnation with sodium hydroxide solutions at different concentrations (10, 25, 40 and 60 % w/V), followed a process of carbonization was performed and finally the samples were washed until constant pH. For the characterization of samples different techniques were used; The apparent surface area and micropore volume using nitrogen physisorption was evaluated, the samples increased surface area provided were low activated NaOH concentrations which presents values of area of 765 and 654 m2 g-1 and also have greater micropore volume content with 1.690 and 1.883 cm3 g-1. The surface chemistry of the activated carbon was characterized by Boehm method, where it is evident that the values of concentrations of basic groups are high up to 1.805 meq g-1, which was confirmed by the high values in the pHpzc aspects relationship with the nature of the activating agent used. ACs were tested in the adsorption of phenol, 4-nitrophenol and 4-chlorophenol, where remarkably high phenols adsorption capacities were found for the ACs prepared at lower concentrations of NaOH with values up to 500.00 and 357.143 mg g-1 to remove nitrophenol and chlorophenol respectively on NaAC25. Thus, it is observed that the activated carbons at low concentrations of the base, the textural properties prevail on the adsorption capacity, but activated carbon at high concentrations, specifically NaAC60 have priority over surface the chemical properties for adsorption of phenols. Likewise, a kinetic study was carried out, showing that the phenol adsorption data may be correctly adjusted, for all the ACs tested, by an equation corresponding to a pseudo second-order. Freundlich, Langmuir and Tempkin equations were tested for modelling the adsorption isotherms at equilibrium, and it was concluded that Langmuir model fitted adequately the experimental data. Additionally, thermodynamic parameters i.e. Gibbs free energy change (?G°), enthalpy change (?H°) and entropy change (?S°) were also evaluated. The overall adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous in nature. The values found in the thermodynamic study, confirm that the adsorption process corresponds to a clearly physical process. Finally, the importance of the pH of the solutions of phenols in the adsorption process is evidenced, which is favored at low pH values where the protonated species are present

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON URINARY INCONTINENCE DURING PREGNANCY: AN IMPACT ON WOMEN’S HEALTH Nejat Demircan1*, Ülkü Özmen2, Fürüzan Köktürk3, Hamdi Küçük4, Ali R?za Karakoyun5, Müge Harma2, ?nan ?lker Ar?kan2 Authors’ Affiliations: 1-Bülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Zonguldak 2- Bülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Zonguldak 3- Bülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Zonguldak 4- Manyas State Hospital, Department of Family Medicine, Bal?kesir 5- Bülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Zonguldak-Turkey *Corresponding Author: Nejat Demircan, Bülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Zonguldak-Turkey, phone: + 903722613421 fax:+903722610264 gsm:+905359419705 email: nejatdemircan@gmail.com Abstract: Backgroud: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a health problem encountered more common in women than men worlwide, also in pregnancy with physical, pyscho-social and economical burden. Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine frequency of UI during pregnancy, its predisposing factors and its impact on quality of life (QOL) from women’s health point of view. Materials and Method: The study was conducted as a preliminary prospective analytical survey and carried out among pregnant women at outpatient unit of a tertiary health center, Bülent Ecevit University Hospital, in Zonguldak City–Turkey from January to June 2014 after approved by the ethical commmitte according to Helsinki Declaration with issue number 2011-99-19/07. The study was a pilot investigation. The table of random numbers was used to select participants as a simple randomisation technique. So, 132 pregnant women were eligible according to inclusion-exclusion criteria. A questionnaire form developed for sociodemographic features of the participants according to relevant literature, Turkish versions of International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) to see occurence and characteristics of UI and Wagner’s Quality of Life (QOL) scale to assess its impact on QOL were used to collect data. SPSS 19.0 version was used in statistical analysis. A p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Overall mean age was 27.57 ± 5.258 y, p=0.214; height median was 160,00 cm (min – max 147-176, p=0.528), median BMI was 29.17 (min-max, 22.41-50.71, p=0.899), occupational status (p=0.965), educational status (p=0.207) were not significant; UI was present in 56 out of 132 (42.4%) pregnant women and called UI present group and remaining 76 named UI absent. Urine leakage occurred once (in 37.5% of UI present pregnants) to twice or thrice (17.8%) a week but always during a day in 17.8 % of UI present group with respect to the frequency (Table 3). The pregnants had mainly a small amount of urine leaked (58.9%) or moderate amount (14.2 %), whereas there was not any disturbing amount in 26.8% or large amount of urine in any of UI present pregnants (table 3). There were statistically significant relationships between QOL scores and frequency of UI and also the amount of leakage (p=0.027 and p=0.005 <0.05, respectively, Kruskall-Wallis test). Impact on QOL scores ranged from mild (n=45, 80.3%), or moderate (n=5, 8.9 %) to severe (n=6, 10.7%) levels (table 4). Means of QOL score was 17.18 ± 14.29, mildly detoriorated. Following features were found to favor the onset of UI as the age of pregnant (OR= 0.187, 95% CI 0.019-1.837), body mass index (OR=0.897, 95% CI 0.392-2.055), occupational status (OR=0.897, 95% CI 0.392-2.055), anemia (OR=1.650, 95% CI 0.753-3.617), gravida or parity (OR=0.519, 95% CI 0.325–0.829) and miscarriage in previous pregnancies (OR= 7.682, 95% CI 2.445-24.141). Miscarriage and parity were the statistically significant predictors of occurrence of UI (p=0.000 and p=0.006 <0.05, respectively). Conclusions: UI was freqeuntly encountered among the pregnants, though, at a tertiary clinic in the region (42.1%). UI distorted the quality of life in pregnant women at mild level. Frequency and amount of incontinence were significantly impacting factors in deterioration. Age, BMI, parity, miscarriage, occupational status and anemia were the factors in favor of onset of UI during pregnancy. Among them, miscarriage and parity were statistically significant predictors. It is necessary to have more attention on diagnosing and understanding the patients with UI during pregnancy with respect to its impact on women’s health and it is also needed to educate the women to talk about their complaints to their health care providers during pregnancy. Further studies are necessary to estimate the exact frequency and health outcomes of UI in the population as the current study is a preliminary investigation. Keywords: Anemia, life quality, miscarriage, parity, pregnancy, urinary incontinence, women’s health Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; QOL, quality of life

In order to improve the control of city gas pipeline network, this paper comes up with the thinking of combining GIS and the model of accident results to conduct a spatial research on city gas pipeline network’s domino accidents. By achieving the function of GIS’s buffer analysis, overlay analysis, spatial statistical analysis and visualized analysis to quantitative and visualized the process of the domino accidents. The results of an example show that this theory actually can help administrator to prevent domino accidents and make contingency plan by quantitating and visualizing the process of the domino accidents.

Smoking is considered as the most important risk factor causes a lot of health problems worldwide. These health problems are attributed in a way that they change the level of acute phase proteins in the serum. This study aimed to assess the effect of smoking on the level of some serum acute phase proteins such as C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) and serum amyloid (SAA) which are considered as inflammatory biomarkers and accompanied with several pathological conditions of the heart, brain and the lungs. Our study was performed on 61 serum smoker samples and COPD patients. Also, 99 non-obstructed smokers of matched age and sex were collected. AAT, CRP serum levels and SAA serum level were estimated. From our data, we found that AAT, CRP and SAA values were higher in smokers with COPD than in smoker group indicating the importance of these acute phase proteins as biomarkers of inflammatory disorders such as COPD. Also, it could be concluded that smoking should be regarded as potential risk factor for developing COPD and the number of cigarettes is directly connected to the existence of this disorder.

Piper nigrum L. is a flowering vine in the family of piperaceae, therefore an important medicinal plant is used in traditional medicine in Asia and Pacific islands especially in Indian medicine (Srinivas et al., 2006). Pepper aroma and flavor due to their chemical substances especially the volatile oil. Black pepper oil has medicinal values. It can be used to help in treatment of pain relief, rheumatism, chills, flu, colds exhaustion, muscular aches, physical and emotional coldness, fever as nerve tonic and to increase circulation (Nalini et al., 2006; Altameme et al., 2015a; Hamza et al., 2015). The main pungent principle in the green berries of pepper P. nigrum L. is piperine. Generally the piperine content of black or white peppercorns lies within the range of 3-8 g/100 g, whereas the content of minor alkaloids piperyline and piperettine have been estimated as 0.2-0.3 and 0.2-1.6 g/100g respectively. The bioavailabilityenhancing property of piperine indicates its potential to be used as an adjuvant with therapeutic drugs in chronic ailments, to reduce the effective dose of the drug and, hence, subsequent adverse effects (Catella-Lawson et al., 2001; Kawano et al., 2001; Mitsuhashi et al., 2001; Aronow et al., 2004; Dorsam et al., 2005; Huang et al., 2009) Recently, biochemical activities of some important medicinal plants including Piper species and their metabolites have been described (Nongyao et al., 2004; Kartick et al., 2006; Masaya et al., 2007; Seung et al., 2008; Jagdale et al., 2009; Altameme et al., 2015b). Pharmacological and clinical studies have revealed that piperine has CNS depressant, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory (Ratner et al., 1991), antioxidant, and hepatoprotective (Van et al., 1996; Al-Marzoqi et al., 2015; Jasim et al., 2015) activities. Studies have revealed anticonvulsant and bioavailability-enhancing properties of the drug. The fruits contain 1.0–2.5% volatile oil, 5–9% alkaloids, of which the major ones are piperine, chavicine, piperidine, and piperetine, and a resin (Park et al., 2002). The present study involves an assessment using GC-MS and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques to investigate the chemical composition methanolic fruit extract of P. nigrum.

Phytochemicals are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Thirty nine bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Cinnamon bark. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. GC-MS analysis of Cinnamomum zeylanicum revealed the existence of the 6 -Oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one, Benzaldehyde, Cyclohexene,4-isopropenyl-1-methoxymethoxymethyl, Benzoic acid- methyl ester, Benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal, Benzenepropanal, Benzylidenemalonaldehyde, 3-Phenylpropanol, Cinnamaldehyde, (E), 2-Propen- 1- ol,3-phenyl, 9-Methoxybicyclo[6.1.0]nona – 2,4,6- triene , 1,3-Bis(cinnamoyloxymethyl)adamantine, Alfa.– Copaene, Naphthalene , 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,8a-dimethyl-7-(1-methyl), Cis – 2-Methoxycinnamic acid, Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene,2,6- dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl), Trans-2-Hydroxycinnamic acid , methyl ester, y-Muurolene, ß-Guaiene, Cadala-1(10),3,8-triene, Isolongifolene,4,5,9,10-dehydro, Cubenol, Tau-Muurolol, Α-Cadinol , Spiro[tricyclo[4.4.0.0(5.9)]decane-10.2oxirane],1-methyl-4-isoprol, 6-Isopropenyl-4,8q-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen, Ethyl9,9-difomylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoate, Trans-13-Octadecenoic acid, Tributyl acetylcitrate, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid ,2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, 9-Octadecenamide, 17.alfa.-21ß-28,30-Bisnorhopane, 17.alfa.-21ß-28,30-Bisnorhopane, Androstan-3-one,cyclic 1,2-ethanediyl mercaptole , (5α), (4H)4a,5,6,7,8,8a-Hexahydrobenzopyran-5-one-3-carboxamide,2, 4H-Cyclopropa[5´,6´]benz [1´,2´,7,8]azuleno[5,6]oxiren-4-one,8,8a, (22S)-21-Acetoxy-6α,11ß-dihydroxy-16α,17α-propylmethylenediox, (+)-γ-Tocopherol,O-methyl and Stigmasterol. Cinnamomum zeylanicum contain chemical constitutions which may be useful for various herbal formulation as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, cardiac tonic and antiasthamatic. Cinnamomum zeylanicum was highly active against Aspergillus flavus (6.16±0.42). Methanolic extract of bioactive compounds of Cinnamomum zeylanicum was assayed for in vitro antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia by using the diffusion method in agar. The zone of inhibition were compared with different standard antibiotics. The diameters of inhibition zones ranged from 6.12±0.52 to 0.39±0.17 mm for all treatments.

Between weeds with high competition potential is foxtail [(Echinochloa crus- galli (L) PB]. Its spread held by adapting to the culture medium and by the high degree of dissemination. Recent research has found that with this weed, the hoeing crops have had big losses (Wilson, 1988). Thus, the weed makes damages to crops and to be able to determine its specific integrated management (SIM) (Labrada, 1995), some new studies were needed. Knowledge of the specific competition intensity could justify the way and the necessary control measures (Kropff et al, 1984). Under white luvic soil of South, weed is characterized by a very strong ecotype. The present study demonstrated that by the presence of weed in hoed crop plants was obviously reduced both total biomass, biomass grains, and changed the normal rhythm of submission of the reserve substances in the seeds. In maize total biomass (dry weight) decreased by 50%, to 47% in sunflower and soybean by 69%. Grain yield decreased by 41% in maize, 43% in sunflower and to 89% in soybean. The grains filling was decreased in all cases: maize near normal, sunflower and soybean abnormal, distorted.

This study investigates managerial insights to facilitate the robust construction of a responsive and sustainable supply chain network. Through a mathematical programming model assessing the necessary cost of a supply chain, this study argues that such a dilemma can be reconciled by reallocating stocking items across warehouse locations. Instead of designing an ultimate network to optimize responsiveness and eco-efficiency, the model merely serves as a vehicle for estimating the cost of implementing a nominal supply chain. The interaction between two performance indicators is clarified in this paper. The distribution responsiveness and eco-efficiency indicators comprise stock distribution, transportation link diversity, service level, and life cycle assessment. Understanding the relation between these two indicators helps to determine a cost-effective configuration which achieves eco-efficiency without sacrificing responsiveness. The two goals of responsiveness and sustainability typically contradict each other because a fast, responsive supply chain may consume sizable resources. A fully optimized supply chain, which operates at minimal cost, may not honor the two indicators simultaneously.

The present paper deals with the analysis of mean air temperature at monthly, seasonal and annual level within the Getic Subcarpathians. The time series cover a 40-year period (1971-2010) and come from the four meteorological stations located within the study area. There were used different statistical tools meant to illustrate the distribution characteristics or the homogeneity of the data series. Thus, there were calculated the Skewness and Kurtosis coefficients, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normal distribution, as well as the Pettitt test, Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNTH), t test and Von Neumann. The detection of trends and their statistical significance was highlighted based on Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimation. The detected patterns of mean temperatures are strongly consistent with the results of different studies made in Europe. From the spatial distribution viewpoint, in most cases, stations behave quite similarly; however, there resulted some differences between the eastern and western parts of the study area. Thus, the highest increase at annual and seasonal level is registered in the west, the upward trend being usually significant at a level above 0.05. Summer represents the season with the most obvious upward trend the level of significance reaching 0.001 within the entire region. The most important increase in air temperature trend was specific to June, July and August when all the four weather stations showed statistically significant positive slopes for all 3 months (expect for Polovragi for June). The analysis of temperature during distinct seasons is important as different seasonal warming rates may have important consequences on different environmental components (vegetation for example) and socio-economic fields (agriculture, energy consumption, health state, etc.).

An avulsed permanent tooth is one of the few real emergency situations in clinical practice.In most cases, replantation is the treatment of choice, but it cannot always be done immediately.This case report presents the results of an 18-month follow up of a patient with an avulsed central maxillary incisor who was treated with Emdogain®, an enamel matrix derivative (EMD), to aid periodontal healing following replantation. We describe a case of late replantation of an avulsed central maxillary incisor. Emdogain was applied to the root surface and into the extraction socket of the avulsed maxillary incisor. The tooth was subsequently replanted and splinted. Thirty six months after the replantation, the patient showed no clinical signs of irritation around the tooth, and the maxillary incisors appeared healthy on control radiographs. A precise treatment protocol and good collaboration with a patient who is prepared to adhere to the clinician’s recommendations are very important to achieve satisfactory results. Emdogain appears to be an appropriate medication to prevent or delay the recurrence of replacement resorption and ankylosis

The paper describes a gradient catastrophe mechanism in contexts of the phase change conditions.It shows that classical methods of the function estimation theory are not suited to study a gradientcatastrophe problem. The paper presents data showing that embedding theorems do not allow tostudy a process of a catastrophe formation. In fact, the paper justifies Terence Tao’s pessimismabout a failure of modern mathematics to solveg the Navier-Stokes problem. An alternative methodis proposed for studying the gradient catastrophe by studying Fourier transformation for a functionand selecting a function singularity through phase singularities of Fourier transformation for a givenfunction.

PURPOSE: This study aimed toevaluate the efficacy of intracameral phenylephrine (IPH) administered as prophylaxis against Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome (IFIS) and analyze itsability of IPH to reverse IFIS. SETTING : Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, South Korea. Design : randomized fellow eye study METHODS: Twenty-nine patients receiving ?1-ARA who underwent cataract surgery were enrolled. One eye of each patientwas randomized to receive 0.6 ml of nonpreserved bisulfite-free intracameral phenylephrine (IPH) 1.5% (group 1) or balanced saline solution(group 2) at the start of surgery.No changes were performed in the surgeon’s standard fluidic parameters orviscoelastic preferences. Routine topical mydriatics were instilled before surgery. Intraoperative iris billowing andprolapse and pupil size were recorded and videotaped. RESULTS: Tamsulosin was the most commonly prescribed ?1-ARA (40 eyes, 56.3%).There were no significant differences in preoperativepupil size between eyes in 2 groups (P=0.133). No intraoperative complications occurred, and no adverse events were detected. CONCLUSIONS:IFIS is an important obstacle to overcome during phacoemulsification. However, for Asian eyes that mostly have a dark iris, the incidence rate is relatively low. Moreover, IPH1.5 % showed no additive effects for floppy iris syndrome.

We offer sufficient conditions for the oscillation of all solutions of the perturbed quasilinear difference equation\n\n Δ(r_{n-1}|Δu_{n-1}|^{α-1}Δu_{n-1})+a_{n}F(n,u_{n},Δu_{n})=G(n,u_{n},Δu_{n}), n≥1,\n\nwhere α>0.

This study aimed to develop a model for career advancement through mediating effect of occupational self- efficacy among academics. This survey was done among 307 academics were selected randomly in the two public universities in Iran. Self-administered questionnaire including demographic characteristics, networking behavior, career advancement and occupational self-efficacy were used. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methodology was applied to determine the best fitted model to predict career advancement. The fit indices revealed an acceptable fit for model. The results showed that networking and occupational self-efficacy were related to academic career advancement (p<0.05). The findings showed occupational self-efficacy had partially mediated the relationship between career advancement with networking (p<0.05). Therefore, universities may strength their academic’s self- efficacy as an alternative to increase their career advancement.

The basic commonly accepted microeconomic narrative assumes a utility function that is affected positively by tangible goods and intangible services, subject to a budget constraint or other scarce resources. In our paper we depart from this traditional and simple approach. Our idea is based on very old concepts found in historical and religious sources of our ancestors. The narrative described above has been revived by Pigue (1951) and adopted by several famous, non-traditional, and still modern economists during the last several decades. We developed a model that distinguishes between levels of income and an individual’s subjective well-being resulting from the gap between fulfillment and desires. This approach may open a new avenue different from the traditional conservative approach to what we define as utility function. Our main conclusion emphasizes that by educating individuals to be satisfied with less and content with what they have, we can achieve over time the slowing down of lower desires rather than the expansion of fulfillment. Consequently, people might gain more satisfaction at every level of income. By narrowing income diversification of the population we may increase social welfare of the society as a whole.

Surface roughness of cultivated soil that can be characterized by aerodynamic roughness length (z0) has important implications to soil erosion by wind. Field experiments were conducted in South Tunisia, inside the Dar Dhaoui Experimental Range (latitude 33°17’41”N, longitude 10°46’57”E), over two plots tilled with different ploughing tools (mouldboard and tiller). The resulting surface is characterized by well marked ridges of different spacing and height. Measurements of soil surface geometric roughness were performed using a pin roughness meter.\nHere we report results of the computation of aerodynamic roughness lengths by applying established relationships between z0 and geometric characteristics of tilled ridges (ridges height (RH) and ridges spacing (RS)). These results suggest that parameterization could be used to estimate the aerodynamic roughness length induced by tilled surfaces when the geometric characteristics of ridges are known. However, in any application, special attention should be given to the precision at which the geometric characteristics of the ridges are determined.

Bayesian network provides the solid inference mechanism when convincing the hypothesis by collecting evidences. Bayesian network is instituted of two models such as qualitative model quantitative model. The qualitative model is its structure and the quantitative model is its parameters, namely conditional probability tables (CPT) whose entries are probabilities quantifying the dependences among variables in network. The quality of CPT depends on the initialized values of its entries. Such initial values are prior probabilities. Because the beta function provides some conveniences when specifying CPT (s), this function is used as the basic distribution in my method. The problem of defining prior probabilities is involved in how to estimate parameters in beta distribution. It is slightly unfortunate when the equations whose solutions are parameter estimators are differential equations and it is too difficult to solve them. By applying the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) technique, I invent the simple equations so that differential equations are eliminated and it is much easier to estimate parameters in case that such parameters are positive integer numbers. Thus, I also propose the algorithm to find out the approximate solutions of these simple equations.