An intelligent control system for a rocket engine during electromechanical stage is designed and analysed in this paper. The rocket is the only vehicle that launches the spacecraft in the space. But, the motion of the rocket can be influenced by internal and external disturbances. Furthermore, the rocket is a multi-input and multi-output nonlinear system whose dynamics are unstable and poorly understood. So, the orientation of the spacecraft in precise position is more critical. Hence, attitude control of the rocket is a big challenge with real time. To make the rocket stable against the influences, this paper has examined the control technology setpoint weighted proportional integral derivative controller with anti-windup technique based on the two degree of freedom mathematical model. The transient behaviour of the proposed controller is smooth and it takes less time to settle in the defined position. In conclusion, this paper compares the performance analysis of setpoint weighted PID controller and Fuzzy-PID controller with the proposed controller. The simulation results indicate that the setpoint weighted PID controller with anti-windup mechanism has a remarkable improvement in terms of rise time, settling time and overshoot besides reducing steady state error. The proposed controller enhances the system performances and produces enormous stability to the rocket engine.

The metastatic characteristics of lymph nodes in thoracic esophageal \ncarcinoma and cancer of the gastric cardia were analyzed, and the factors \ninfluencing lymph node metastasis were explored. A retrospective \nanalysis of the treatment of 37 patients with cancer of the thoracic \nesophagus and cancer of the gastric cardia was carried out. The metastatic \nstatus of regional lymph nodes in patients with thoracic esophageal \ncarcinoma and cancer of the gastric cardia was analyzed. A single factor \nanalysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the \ninfluence of pathological factors on lymph node metastasis. Lymph node \nmetastasis in patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma was frequently \nfound on the superior mediastinum, hilum of the lung, and inferior \nextremity of the carina. Metastasis in patients with cancer of the gastric \ncardia occurred mainly in the abdominal cavity and peripheral gastric \ncardia. A single factor analysis was performed for patient age, tumor \npathological type, tumor invasion depth, tumor length, and degree of \ntumor differentiation. The results suggest that a tumor infiltrating \nfull-thickness, > 5 cm in length, and with a low degree of cell \ndifferentiation affected lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). These results \nsuggest that the degree of differentiation, length, and infiltrating depth of \nthe tumor are independent factors affecting lymph node metastasis (P < \n0.05). Lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal and gastric \n 3 \ncardia cancer has special characteristics. A comprehensive and reasonable \npreoperative inspection of the lymph nodes should be conducted, and the \ncleaning scope should be assessed according to the actual situation, \nincluding the degree of tumor differentiation, lesion length, and \ninfiltration depth.

This paper reports the experimental and time-frequency analysis results of four-step 3-D braided composite under transverse impact loading. The transverse impact behaviors of four-step 3-D braided composites were tested by modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus. The load-displacement curves were recorded to analysis the energy absorption characteristics. The Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) method was employed to analysis the dynamic mechanical properties in frequency domain.

Background: genital hygiene is the most important phase in the protection of women’s health and reproduction. Therefore, it is important to determine the genital hygiene behaviours of women in our society.\nObjective: This descriptive study was conducted to determine the factors associated with genital hygiene behaviours in pregnant and non-pregnant women.\nMaterials and Methods: Seventy pregnant women and 70 non-pregnant women, aged between 25 and 45 years, who were in the third trimester of pregnancy and presented to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic at the Faculty of Medicine in Konya Province, Turkey, were included in the study. The data were gathered using a questionnaire with 26 questions designed by the researcher using the Genital Hygiene Behavior Inventory (GHBI).\nResults: There was no significant difference between the GHBI scores of the pregnant and non-pregnant women (p>0.05). Therefore, both groups were combined, and it was aimed to discover the factors associated with genital hygiene behaviours more effectively. A positive correlation between the GHBI scores and the monthly income was found, whereas there was a negative correlation between the GHBI scores and age, marriage age, number of pregnancies, and birth (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the GHBI scores and the educational status of the women and their husbands, the employment status of the women and the perceived income status (p<0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of GHBI scores and the women’s pain and/or bleeding experience during sexual intercourse, vaginal douching, and training on the hygiene of the genital area (p<0.05).\nConclusion: There was no significant difference in genital hygiene behaviours between the pregnant and non-pregnant women. This may be attributed to the fact that the genital hygiene practices of women who did not have sufficient knowledge of genital hygiene before they became pregnant did not change during pregnancy. Therefore, we suggest that midwives provide both pregnant and non-pregnant women with training on genital hygiene.

Abstract: 3-(N-4-fluorophenyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione thiosemicarbazone and its Zinc(II) and\nNickel(II) complexes were synthesized. The structures of the synthesized compounds were\nconfirmed by spectral data and elemental analysis. They were optimized B3LYP theory with\ndifferent basis sets. Optimized structures were compared with the experimental values. TD-DFT\ncalculations on electronic absorption spectra in gas phase and DMSO were performed to determine\nelectronic transitions of the compound. The Frontier Molecular Orbital Analysis was done in order\nto identify the charge transfer interaction between molecular orbitals and determine electron\ntransition within the molecule.

Objective(s): Angiogenesis is one of the important events of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes serum levels of angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF) and anti-angiogenic (endostatin and solubleVEGFR) factors according to trimesters in pregnant women. Furthermore, we aimed at investigating the possible predictive value of serum VEGF, endostatin and serum sVEGFR in pregnancy. \nMaterials and Methods: This longitudinal cohort study included healthy pregnant (n=30) and non-pregnant women (n=30) admitted to Sivas Primary Health Care Center. Venous blood samples (3 ml) were collected from each pregnant women for each trimester (first trimester 12 and 13 weeks of pregnancy, second trimester 26 and 27 weeks of pregnancy and third trimester 34 to 38 weeks of pregnancy). Maternal serum concentrations of VEGF, sVEGFR-1 and endostatin were determined by sensitive and specific immunoassays (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). All immunoassays utilized a sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. \nResults: Serum VEGF concentrations were significantly higher compared to the control in the first and second trimester of pregnancy (p<0.01). In addition, the serum levels of endostatin and sVEGFR were significantly lower compared to the control in the same trimester (p<0.01). A negative correlation was found between the expression of VEGF with endostatin and sVEGFR (r= -0.409, p<0.001). \nConclusion: In conclusion, serum VEGF concentrations are higher in the first trimester compared to third, while plasma endostatin and sVEGFR concentrations are lower. In the light of this information, these factors can be used as predictive factors in pregnancy.

In this paper we study the preserving properties for a subclass of functions\nwith negative coefficients by using some integral operators.

In this paper, we found the bounds of the extreme eigenvalues of a nor-\nmalized Laplacian matrices and signless Laplacian matrices using by theirs traces. In\naddition, we found the bounds for k-th eigenvalues of normalized Laplacian matrix\nand signless Laplacian matrix.

Displacements and ground motions near volcanoes are one of the warning signs of volcanic eruptions. One of the most important tools to detect such movements is the technology provided by GNSS permanent stations network.\nThis paper studies the use of GNSS techniques for the determination of the spatial and temporal displacements caused by 1803-02 underwater volcano that erupted on the south coast of El Hierro island, in the Canary Islands, on 10 October 2011. \nThe paper also analyses and quantifies the ground displacements that occurred before the eruption.

This review aims at comprehensively reporting the impact of Salmonellosis in humans of developing Asian countries, the mode of dissemination, the various methods of serotyping, drug-resistance and the distribution of different Salmonella serotypes in these countries. The review focusses mainly on developing Asian countries which have a big population, higher risk of dissemination of the pathogen due to poor standards of public hygiene and sanitation, and also a high rate of arriving and departing travellers. Moreover, most of these countries lack a proper continuous surveillance and control system to monitor the epizootiology of Salmonella serovars.\nVarious serotypes that were prevalent in Asian countries included the following: S. weltevreden, S. rissen and S. typhimurium, S. anatum, S. rissen, S. stanley and S. enteritidis. A high degree of serotypes distribution was found among the different countries. Resistance to multiple drugs was present in many serovars. The reported results indicate an alarming rate of human Salmonellosis in developing Asian countries, highlighting the importance of developing stringent surveillance and control programs aiming at control of this pathogen.

Introduction: Study was performed on patients to whom total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) was performed with target controlled infusion method (TCI) in endovenous laser ablation surgery (EVLA). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of propofol and remifentanyl added propofol on LMA insertion and total drug doses during the maintenance of anesthesia, hemodynamic parameters, side effects during pre and post operative periods, additional analgesic requirements and discharge criteria.\n Materials and Method: The Retrospective study was performed with the consent of Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital Scientific Research Evaluation Committee. Patients who had TIVA with TCI method in the EVLA surgery were included to the study. Patients over the age of 65, with ASA 3-4, body mass index over 40 kg/m² and patients to whom different anesthesia methods and drugs were administered were excluded from the study. Group I (n=30) was started with remifentanyl with 2 ng/ml effect site target concentration. When effect site target concentration was reached propofol was added to reach 3µg/ml effect site target concentration. Group II (n=30) was started to propofol infusion with 5µg/ml effect site target concentration. Hemodynamic parameters and BIS values were recorded pre-induction and post-induction at 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, 30th and 60th minutes. LMA insertion and total drug doses during maintenance, side effects, additional analgesic requirements and discharge criteria were recorded.\nFindings: No intra group difference were detected in demographic values (p>0.05). Propofol dose used during LMA insertion was higher in Group II (p<0.05). Heart rate, induction at the 10th and 60th minutes and diastolic artery pressure measured at the 15th minute were different between groups (p<0.05). Mean artery pressure; was different in group I and II during induction, post induction at the 5th, 10th, 15th and 20th minutes when compared with the pre-operative value ( p<0.05). Peroperative additional analgesic requirement and bradycardia in post-operative period were high in Group II (p<0.05). \nDiscussion and results: It was observed that anesthetic depth and stability in the parameters was achieved and post-operative bradycardia was decreased by adding 2ng/ml effect site target concentration of remifentanyl to propofol during TCI application since it decreased propofol dose used during surgery and LMA insertion.

In this work, we show existence of nite colimits in the category\nof crossed squares of groups by careful construction of coequilaser of\nmorphisms of crossed squares and coproduct of two crossed squares.

The paper highlights the issues of Requirements Engineering using people focused approach. The change in the Requirements Engineering process is formalized by Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment, using two teams of students with different personality types, we have observed, it has on the Requirements Engineering process.

Logistic regression (LR) and classification tree (CT) methods are used to determine risk factors associated with Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD). High blood pressure and cholesterol level, lack of physical activity, and unbalanced diet were found the common factors by both methods. Comparison of performance of methods showed that though the LR provides better specificity, sensitivity and total accuracy rate, the difference in performance based on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was not found statistically significant. Use of both methods in epidemiology can help not only to identify important risk factors but to understand the relationship among predictors.

Although physical exercising is promoted as a protective factor against substance use and misuse (SUM), little is known about the association between participation in recreational fitness sports and SUM. This study aimed to evidence the prevalence of SUM among recreational athletes, and to define associations between certain activity-related factors and SUM. The sample comprised 760 recreational-fitness athletes (470 males and 290 females; 33.41±4.5 and 32.11±6.9 years of age for males and females, respectively). The variables included socio-demographic variables, recreational-activity-related factors (experience, programme of participation), and SUM data (cigarette smoking, binge drinking and dietary supplement usage). The consumption of cigarettes and alcohol in recreational fitness athletes is lower than the prevalence reported for the overall population. Males are more oriented to binge drinking (KW = 19.95; p < 0.01), while smoking is more common among females (KW = 54.33; p < 0.01). Moreover, there is an evident relationship between programme preferences and the consumption of substances. In females, participation in group training (dance aerobics, Pilates) is recognised as a risk factor for cigarette smoking, while the lowest incidence of SUM is revealed in those females involved in cardio-fitness training. Although our results support the hypothesis that recreational sport is protective against SUM, it seems that the leading motives for physical exercising should be regarded as the most important factors influencing SUM.

The article devotes to power quality increasing problem in intelligent power supply systems of industrial enterprises with intensive non-linear load spread. The designed algorithm of harmonic determining and compensation for shunt active filter is described. The efficiency of harmonic detecting and compensating of shunt active filter with designed algorithm is shown on the example of electrical networks of oil production enterprises.

Although alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely used as a serum marker for HCC screening a nd diagnosis, AFP has been shown to have poor sensitivity and specificity. To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of circulating free cell DNA（cfDNA）in hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC），and the relationship between clinicopathological features and cfDNA. \nLevels of cfDNA were detected by branched DNA. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and Youden index of cfDNA were assessed with receiver operating characteristic curve, and the relationship between the level of cfDNA and clinicopathological feature was analyzed. The average level of cfDNA in HCC was significantly higher than that in control (P<0.01). The area under the curve of ROC was 0.742±0.058 for HCC, and the optimal cut-off value was 509.9774 ng/ml. When choose level of 509.9774 ng/ml to predict HCC, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and Youden index was 56.4%, 95.6%, 77.4%, 91.7%, 71.7%, 12.692, 0.048, and 0.520, respectively. The level of cfDNA was correlated with gender and metastasis in HCC. The method of quantitative analysis cfDNA is easy and sensitive for HCC.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the employees’ perceptions of mobbing and explore the relationships between mobbing and intention to leave in hospitality settings. Previous scales were used and 308 hotel employees of 17 accommodation firms which have the operating certificate issued by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in Konya, Turkey. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviations, frequencies) and statistically analyses (correlation and regression) were utilized to analyze the data gathered via survey. The results indicated that (1) the levels of mobbing and intention to leave were low, and (2) mobbing was related to intention to leave significantly and positively; (3) mobbing affected to intention to leave significantly and positively.

In this paper we study that the Tangent numbers T_n and Tangent polynomials\nT_n(x) are analytic continued to T(s) and T(s,w). We investigate the new concept of\ndynamics of the zeros of analytically continued Tangent polynomials. Finally, we observe\nan interesting phenomenon of ‘scattering’ of the zeros of the \nT(s,w).

Electronic machines are day by day getting smaller in sizes but with the increasing benefits that leave the machines highly thermally stressed. In this study, thermal effects of a two-metal (Cu-Ag) micro heat pipe (TMMHP) of triangular cross section of variable thermal conductivity at steady state are experimentally investigated to compare with a single metal micro heat pipe (SMMHP). Internal fluid flow is considered as one dimensional which is axially flowing. It is a 150 mm long triangular hollow tube having a hydraulic diameter of 2.3 mm and thickness of 0.3 mm. The evaporator and condenser sections are made of pure copper and silver respectively while the adiabatic section is made of both copper and silver. Water and three low boiling point liquids ─ ethanol, methanol and iso-propanol ─ are used as working fluids. In view of the real situation of machines usage, tests are conducted by placing the heat pipe at three different inclinations of 0o, 45o and 90o. To provide heat flux, an electric heater-coil has been wrapped around the evaporator simulating the heat-generation within an actual device, and simultaneously the condenser section is directly cooled by ambient water in an annular space. Ten K-type thermocouples are installed at different locations ─ five of them are to measure the temperatures of internal fluid and five are used to measure the surface temperatures of the tube. Temperatures are monitored by digital electronic thermometers. It is found that the super heater effect in the evaporator at TMMHP simplifies the initially developed complex two-phase flow into a single-phase of super heated vapor. Thus, increases TMMHP’s heat transfer capability several times higher than that of a SMMHP.

A case of intramural esophageal dissection is reported and the literature reviewed. Intramural esophageal dissection is a rare but well described condition that is characterized by a laceration between the esophageal mucosa and submucosa but without perforation. 86-year-old female patient was hospitalized with the diagnosis of abdominal aorta aneurysm. After placement of stent to aorta, intravenous heparin was started, due to sedative drugs after the operation retching and vomiting was begun in patient. At the first day of procedure, sudden onset chest pain, hematemesis, back pain and odynophagia was started. Hematoma in the throcacic esophagus was detected, then hematoma was opened during the endoscopic procedure, depending on the air infusion and it began to bleed suddenly. False lumen occurred in the esophagus. There was no perforation. She was followed up conservatively and discharged from the hospital uneventfully. In conclusion, we propose that esophageal transection, a condition that is widely regarded as relatively benign in the literature, has the potential to lead to perforation. One might expect that most cases of esophageal transection would be managed conservatively.

Purposes: In the case of severe Calot’s triangle inflammation and fibrosis, some damage control procedures described in the literature. In this report, we explained the cases, underwent laparoscopic partial cholecystectomy with endoscopic linear stapler in our clinic.\nMethods: Between January 2011 and December 2011, five patients with acute cholecystitis underwent laparoscopic partial cholecystectomy (LPC). All patients had severe fibrosis and inflammation at Calot’s triangle. Both anterior wall and posterior wall of gallbladder were resected totally if possible. Gallbladder was transected at the gallbladder neck or Hartmann’s pouch, with a remnant gallbladder pouch left behind.\nResults: Five patients had LPC with endoscopic linear stapler. The main symptom of all patients on admission to Emergency Clinic was abdominal pain. Mean time of surgical procedure was 140 (120-180) minutes. During surgery Calot’s triangle inflammation and fibrosis was detected in all patients and phlegmenous gallbladder was detected in one patient. All patients had drainage system after surgery. No biliary leakage was detected after surgery. Remnant common bile duct calculi was detected in one patient and this patient underwent to ERCP procedure one month after surgery. \nConclusions: When the critical view of safety was not obtained due to severe Calot’s triangle inflammation and fibrosis during laparoscopy, LPC seems to be safe and feasible alternative to open with an acceptable morbidity rate.

Background: In this study, we investigated the effect of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism in Turkish patients with a non syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL/P). \nMethods: A total of 88 NSCL/P patients, without any other anomalies and 121 healty controls, who had not any kind of genetic disease, were recruited for this study. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to determine the genotype. Chi square test was used to compare datas between the patient and control groups. \nResults: The CC, CT and TT patient genotype frequencies were 47.7, 36.4 and 15.9%, respec¬tively, and 58.6, 33.1 and 8.3%, respectively, for the control group. Although there were no statistically significant differences between the estimated frequencies of patients and controls, the ‘T’ allele distribution was significantly different in the patient group (34.1%) as compared to the control group (24,8%; p=0.038). \nConclusions: Our results show that the ‘T’ allele of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism is associated with NSCL/P in the Turkish patients investigated. However, further studies are required, including the genotyping of a larger patient cohort, in order to elucidate the potential pathogenetic mechanisms of the investigated gene region on NSCL/P.

This study reviews the concentration of Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in different segments of Indian environment such as, ambient air, soil, water and sediments reported since last three decades. From the literature survey it is revealed that most of the research on the determination of BaP in environment of India is found in later 2000 than earlier years.

Since the beginning of 1980s, Adomian has introduced the so called Decomposition Method for solving linear and nonlinear, ordinary and partial differential and integro-differential equations in physics. Using ADM, solution is obtained as sum of an infinite series with elegantly computable components which rapidly converges to the true solution with high accuracy. In recent years, researchers have shown a great interest in ADM for its application to a wide range of problems in applied sciences. In this paper, this technique is applied to solve free longitudinal vibration of a uniform rod with various boundary conditions. At first, the frequency equation is obtained analytically and then ADM is used to calculate the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Also the effect of mass and spring stiffness at the boundary on natural frequencies is evaluated.

Solid waste management is one of the major environmental concerns around the world. Cement kiln dust (CKD) is a fine powdery material that results from the production of cement. CKD is similar in appearance to Portland cement. The environmental concerns related to Portland cement production, emission and disposal of CKD is becoming progressively significant because of about 80% of the CKDs removed from cement-producing kilns were placed in landfills, while only approximately 20% were beneficially re-used. This research will concern by the portion of CKDs that are not returned back to the cement manufacture process and can be used beneficially in the production of construction material. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of CKD as partially substitution of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in concrete, mortar and cement blocks. First and second parts of this investigation were concerned by replacing percentage from cement by CKD in concrete and mortar mixtures. These two parts studied the effect on the compressive strength of concrete and mortar and tensile strengths of concrete. The third experimental part conducted in this research project was to study the effect of partially replacement of cement in strength and absorption of hollow cement blocks. Useful conclusions and recommendations concerning the use of different amounts of CKD in the production of concrete, mortar and blocks were obtained; means, significant cost, energy and environmental savings can be obtained in the cement factories.

The ability of different local fungal isolates to degrade 1% of diesel fuel in liquid medium showed that diesel degradation varied from 92-100% after 7days of incubation in presence of 0.2% (v/v) of tween 80. The degradation process by A.ustus and A.alternata (most efficient) was significantly influenced by the fermentation period, as well 7days of incubation was sufficient for complete diesel degradation. As the diesel fuel concentration increased up to 6% (v/v), the two molds were able to degrade 75% or more of it. The degradation process was enhanced using fungal consortium of A.alternata and A.ustus at different inoculum sizes and elevated surfactant (tween 80) levels. The diesel degradation by fungal consortium was optimized by experimental designs of Plackett-Burman and Response Surface Methodology. Over helming degradation increase (100%) for 4mL/25mL medium (16%, v/v) was reached. The consortium under the optimized conditions efficiently degraded diesel polluted soil, 12.5% (v/w), after 35days of incubation.

IPv4 address pool is already exhausted, and the change to use IPv6 is necessary at the end, which gives us a massive address pool. Although IPv6 was built with security in mind, extensive research must be done before deploying IPv6 to ensure the protection of security and privacy. This paper firstly present the differences between the two IP versions (IPv4 and IPv6), and how these differences will affect the attacks, then the paper will show how that the attacks on IPv4 and IPv6 will remain the same; furthermore, the use of IPv6 will arise new types of attacks and change others techniques type\'s.

The paper focuses on the analysis and assessment of the possibilities of building integrated PV systems of 1 kW electricity generation in 11 spa resorts in Serbia. At the beginning, some information about solar energy and BIPV systems, renewable energies policies and physical-geographic position and climatic characteristics in 11 spa resorts in Serbia, is given. Based on PVGIS program, the results of calculation of the yearly average values of the optimal panel inclination, solar irradiation on the horizontal, vertical and optimal inclined plane, linke turbidity, ratio of diffuse to global solar irradiation, average daytime temperature and 24 hours average of temperature for 11 spa resorts in Serbia are given. Total for year sum of global solar irradiation per square meter received by the horizontal, optimal and vertical inclinated and south-oriented solar modules of the BIPV system of 1kW and total for year electricity production from the BIPV system of 1 kW with horizontal, optimal and vertical inclinated and south-oriented solar modules of different materials for 11 spa resorts in Serbia, obtained by PVGIS are given. In addition, comparison of total for year electricity production of BIPV system of 1kW with horizontal, optimal and vertical inclinated and south-oriented solar modules of monocrystalline silicon, CdTe and CIS in some spa resorts in Serbia is given. The research estimated the proportion of BIPV systems power generation according to different types of PV modules and installation methods. The data could serve as a useful reference for the application of BIPV systems in buildings and some practical data and considerations given in this paper, can be used by customers or companies keen to invest in the photovoltaic and tourist sector in Serbia.

A diagnosis model for type 2 diabetes mellitus based on laboratory test results was developed by the relationships among the principal parameters. Sample data were collected from a specialized diabetes mellitus clinic located in Korea. The total number of subjects was 953. Statistical analyses including the t-test were used to select the principal parameters, and a decision tree and clustering methods including expectation maximization were used to investigate the relationships among the principal parameters. This study obtained ten statistically principal parameters among 32 laboratory test parameters and suggested four different groups, the patient group, high-probability group, low-probability group, and normal group. Although fasting glucose is meaningful to the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, six critical parameters are especially important to ensure a more reliable diagnosis. This study will provide a useful resource for diabetes research in Korea.

In this work, a dual beam mode-mismatched thermal lens method was utilized in gold nanofluid containing gold nanoparticles in polyvinylpyrrolidone solution to study the effect of nanoparticle concentration on thermal diffusivity. The different concentrations of gold nanoparticles were prepared by irradiating the solution of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) hydrate, premion (metals basis), in polyvinylpyrrolidone with respective dose of gamma-radiation. The average sizes of particle in the prepared samples were measured using nanophox machine. The thermal lens measurement was carried out by using a diode laser of wavelength 532 nm and a He–Ne laser for the excitation source and the probe beam, respectively. The obtained result showed an increase in the thermal diffusivity of nanofluid with the increase in concentration and particle size.