In this paper, we establish the Hyers-Ulam stability of linear differential equations of second order with boundary conditions.

The present study determined some critical information about the distribution of HCV genotypes in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Genotyping analysis was performed in 198 HCV-RNA positive patients. The HCV genotypes frequency was determined as follows: genotype 1a in 36 (18.1%) patients, genotype 1b in 27 (13.6%), genotype 2 in 6 (3.0%) patients, 3 in 9 (4.5%), and mixed infection in 9 (4.5%) patients. Of 8 mixed genotype infection patients, mixed inter-genotype infection 1 and 4 was the most common (56.0 %). Their ages range between (23 and 55) years.

Background: In alopecia patients, together with scalp involvement, a hair around the eyes being affected shows the progression of the disease and is accepted as an indicator of poor prognosis.\nAim: This study aimed to draw attention to ophthalmologic findings of patients with alopecia. \nMaterial and Method: The study comprised 43 alopecia patients who presented at the Dermatology Clinic between January 2013 and January 2014, and a control group of 44 healthy volunteers. Detailed dermatological and ophthalmological examinations were made for all patients.\nResults: Partial eyelash madarosis (25.6%), perivascular sheathing (11.6%), retinal pigment epithelial changes (9.3%), total eyelash madarosis, iris pigment changes and eyebrow-eyelash madarosis (2.31%) were determined in the patient group.\nConclusion: Perivascular sheathing which was determined in the patients with alopecia areata in this study has not previously been defined and may be an indicator in this disease of inflammation in the hair follicles.

Background: To investigate the effect of Age, Income, Sex, Residential status and Ethnicity on the prevalence of kidney stones in the patients visiting Nishtar Hospital Multan\nMaterials and Methods: Hospital record of patients (n=2310) visiting Nishter Hospital, Multan was obtained and the records of the patients (n=200) who were suffering from kidney stone was analyzed for different parameters. The prevalence of kidney stone was calculated on the basis of their age, income, sex, residential status and ethnicity. The results were generally presented as percentage and the difference between percentages was compared by Chi-squared test. \nResults: The overall prevalence of kidney stone in this sample was 8.7%. The prevalence of kidney stones in different age groups was found to be significantly different (P<0.01) and it was highest in < 40 (26 ± 0.01%) age group whereas it was lowest in the age group of < 20 (11 ± 0.01%). The prevalence of kidney stones in different income groups showed that it was 48.5%, 18%, 15.5%, 12.5% and 5.5% in income groups of <3000, <4000, <5000, <10000 and >10000 respectively and was significantly different (P<0.001) in different income groups. It was observed that the prevalence of kidney stone was 53.5 ± 0.3% in male patients whereas it was 46.5 ± 0.3% in female patients (P < 0.05). \nConclusion: The prevalence of kidney stones was significantly higher (P<0.001) in patients belonging to rural areas (67.5 ± 0.3%) as compared to those belonging to urban areas (32.5 ± 0.3%). It was shown that the prevalence of kidney stone was significantly different in different ethnic groups (P<0.001). Moreover, it was highest in Syed (20.5 ± 0.01%) and was lowest in Malik (6 ± 0.01%).

Integrated semi groups and the Cauchy problem for some nonlinear fractional differential equations\n\nMahmoud M.El-Borai and Khairia El-Said El-Nadi\nm_m_elborai @ yahoo.com and khairia_el_said@hotmail.com\nDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, \nFaculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt.\n\nAbstract. Some classes of fractional nonlinear abstract differential equations with -integrated semi groups are studied in Banach space. The existence of a unique solution of the Cauchy problem is established. An example is given.\nKey words: -integrated semi groups, nonlinear fractional differential equations, abstract Cauchy problem.\nClassifications: 47D60, 47D62 , 35 A05 , 34G20.

In this paper, we\nstudy the symmetry for the generalized q-tangent numbers\n and polynomials.\nWe obtain some interesting identities of the power sums and the generalized\npolynomials using the symmetric properties for the p-adic invariant integral on Z_p.

In this paper, we study integral curves or flow lines of a linear vector field in (2n+1)-dimensional semi-Euclidean space E_{?}²??¹. The skew symmetric matrix has been found depending on the number of timelike vectors are odd or even. Taking into consideration of the structure, we obtained the linear first order system of differential equations. This system gives rise to integral curves of linear vector fields. Meanwhile solution of the system has also been presented and discussed.

The ecological diversity in Turkey has a great role in the formation of its biological diversity. It is the fourth largest vegetable producer after China, India, and the United States, with 27.815.682 million tons of production over an 872.000 ha area. Even though production is based on outdated methods, it ranks first worldwide in terms of vegetable production capacity per km2 and per capita and among the top five in the production of most types of vegetables. Vegetable production activity is spread over many parts of the country, but production for trading purposes is especially concentrated in the Mediterranean Region (MTR), Aegean Region (AR), Marmara Region (MR), and the Black Sea Region (BSR). There has been a marked increase in vegetable production in the Inner Anatolia Region (IAR). Vegetable production is limited by the local climate and an insufficient supply of water in Southeastern Anatolia Region (SAR), and by highlands and rough local climate in the Eastern Anatolia Region (EAR). The purpose of the current study is to provide information on the vegetable production potential of Turkey and present it to the international community.Vegetable production yields and production areas in seven geographical regions of Turkey were provided in the tables and discussed.

Data Mining is concerned with the discovery of interesting patterns and knowledge in data repositories. Cluster Analysis which belongs to the core methods of data mining is the process of discovering homogeneous groups called clusters. \nGiven a data-set and some measure of similarity between\ndata objects, the goal in most clustering algorithms is maximizing both the homogeneity within each cluster and the \nheterogeneity between different clusters.\nIn this work, a multilevel genetic algorithm for the clustering problem is introduced. The approach suggests looking at the clustering problem as a hierarchical optimization process going through different levels evolving from a coarse \ngrain to fine grain strategy. The clustering problem is solved by first reducing the problem level by level to a coarser problem where an initial clustering is computed. \nThe clustering of the coarser problem \nis mapped back level-by-level to obtain a better clustering of the original problem by refining the intermediate different\n clustering obtained at various levels. \n A benchmark using a number of data sets collected from a variety of domains is used to compare the effectiveness of the \nhierarchical approach against its single-level counterpart.

In this paper, we have the sharp upper bounds for the functional |a_(2)a_(4)- a_(3)^(2)| for the class M(m,n,alpha ) of alpha convex functions associated with Salagean operator. Furthermore, we have shown for particular values of\nm, n and aipha the results deduce to standard bounds of starlike and convex functions.

Moslehian et al. investigated the fuzzy stability problems for the Cauchy additive functional equation and\nthe Jensen additive functional equation in fuzzy Banach spaces.\n\nUsing the fixed point method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the following quintic functional equations\n\\begin{eqnarray*}\n && f(3x+y) -5 f(2x+y) + f(2x-y) + 10f(x+y) - 5f(x-y) \\\\ && \\quad\n= 10 f(y) + f(3x) -3 f(2x) -27 f(x) , \\nonumber \\\\\n && f(3x+y) -5 f(2x+y) + f(2x-y) + 10f(x+y) - 5f(x-y) \\\\ && \\quad\n= 10 f(y) - 5f(3x) +42 f(2x) -9 f(x) \\nonumber\n \\end{eqnarray*} in fuzzy Banach spaces.\n\nWe prove that if every approximately quintic mapping from the set $\\mathbb N$ of positive integers into a fuzzy normed vector space can be approximated by a quintic mapping, then the fuzzy normed vector space is complete.

In regression analysis, a special and most attention must be paid on assumption validating the model obtained from a sample drawn form a population. The ultimate objective of any regression model is in fact, making some inference on the population. To use the model effectively to discover ( make inference) the unknown population, the model should have passed through many tests to make sure that it is the best model for the set of data representing. These tests are in fact the assumption on regression model or assumption in regression analysis. Among assumptions we have the property of having the variance of the response constant, and if this assumption is not met then the model will suffer from what we call heterogeneity or the variance of the response is not constant. The paper discussing the conceptual approaches to detect the violation of assumptions and the recovery of these violations without going to any calculation or application. The aim of this paper is to the importance of these assumptions and enhance the sense of good understanding of things will lead to better utility and rich information.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a d-domain, and obtain some relations between d-algebras. Moreover, we introduce the notion of 0-special mappings in groupoids, and discuss some properties associated with phi-classes.

In this paper we propose a novel arrangement for quantizers based on Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) method for data hiding. Due to advantages of non uniform quantization methods, we used the power-law function which is widely used in image processing. The magnitude of host signal is first transformed into the power-law domain. Then the transformed signal is quantized uniformly and the result is transformed back to the original linear domain. We analyzed the performance of the method and the optimum parameter is found. The method is simulated on artificial signals to verify the analytical derivations. The method is also applied to speech signals and its advantage is compared with conventional QIM. The results show that our method has a superior and is robust against common attacks.

Malaysia is ranked as the world’s largest producer of palm oil, and the industry is the main agricultural industry in the country. This paper illustrates the durability aspect of lightweight aerated concrete produced using POFA (Palm oil fuel ash) and PFA (pulverise fuel ash) when exposed to sulphuric acid. 30% POFA and 20% PFA was replacement by weight of cement and an OPC concrete mix functioning as control specimen was considered in this research. All the specimens were subjected to water curing for 28 days before immersed in the sulphuric acid having pH 1 for 2160 hours. The progressive deterioration was evaluated through mass changing of the specimens, visual inspection and relative compressive strength determinations. Conclusively, the study found that 30% POFA and 20% PFA enhances the resistance of aerated concrete towards sulphuric acid attack.

The CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Device) are popular used in electronic-consumer productions and exercise in laboratory. We used the programmable IC to accomplish a W-STIM (wireless Smart Transducer Interface Module) that is implemented to refer to the IEEE 1451.2 standard and used to transfer the acquired data from/to the NCAP (Network Capable Application Processor). A Bluetooth dongle of BT01-1 is used to this W-STIM. Finally, there are two examples, thermograph and step motor control, are experimented by this implemented W-STIM to prove that it is suiting to the IEEE 1451.2 Standard. \nWe exploited the semi-consumer CPLD to implement a STIM. The advantages of this implemented STIM are small size, more easy development, higher speed, and lower cost.

The language English plays a significant role in the academic preparation of students of engineering colleges. It is not only the medium of instruction in the professional colleges, but also a spring board to land on lucrative jobs. However, majority of the students in engineering colleges are seen not much interested in the study of English and do not possess higher level achievement in the second language. The present study, backed by a theoretical understanding, focuses on higher order learning, specifically developing motivation to learn English and higher order thinking, in the form of critical / comprehension skills, by employing constructivist approach for teaching English. In a valid experimental setting, formed of pretest posttest equivalent group design, the experimental variable constructivist approach in teaching implemented through the slightly modified Students Teams Achievement Division (STAD) and Think-pair-share strategies to suit the present condition, was tested for its efficacy in promoting higher order learning with the affective and cognitive characteristics – motivation, and higher order thinking (critical / comprehension skills) of engineering students. Post-test and post-test differences were significant between control and experimental groups in both the cases with higher level performances in post-tests of experimental groups confirming the advantage of employing constructivist approach for teaching English.

Public services transformation has as its goal providing services in a more effective and efficient manner, with provision of high level of ethical principles. Accordantly to the set requirements, the manager’s role is of crucial importance for the success of public services transformation. The presented case study has served as an illustration of the way in which the role of policy, as well as the existing behavior and practices of present managers influence on the transformation of the public services operation to modern ways of business implying a high level of efficiency and ethics. The basis of the research sample was made of the services’ users, as well as the employed in the public services on the territory of Srem, one of Serbia’s regions. The research and the analyses of the results obtained have pointed that the present politized manner of appointing managers in the public services of Serbia, as well as the existing centralized, hierarchical structure do not contribute to the generation of transformation of the managers into ethical leaders and initiators of efficiency of public services operations. The same to a great extent represents a significant barrier to creation of an efficient management, capable of creating a better and more quality service for the users.

This research has conducted in order to examine the effect of local Rhizobium sp. isolate and phosphate fertilization on the yield and protein content of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) under dry conditions in Şanlıurfa, Turkey. Common vetch cultivars Görkem and Rhizobium sp. V5 isolate were used as materials. The experiment was set up according to randomized complete block design. While the highest dry forage yield and yields were determined in the inoculation and 8 kg phosphorus treatment, the highest crude protein yield were obtained from the Rhizobium inoculation and 4 kg P treatment. The inoculation and 4 kg phosphorus treatment also had the highest nodule number. Inoculation and 4 kg phosphorus treatment increased the first pod height. Inoculation and phosphorus treatment can be recommended for similar ecological conditions for maximum protein content in common vetch.

This research was evaluate to the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation (Glomus mosseae) on the growth of triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) and some rhizosphere microbiological activity such as catalase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, soil respiration under salinity stress. A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was a randomized design in factorial with three replicates. Treatments induded four levels of NaCl (non-saline (control), 1, 2, 3 %) and mycorrhizal symbiosis (without mycorrhiza inoculation and mycorrhizal inoculation), fertilizer (4 kg/da P2O5). Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased dry matter of plants. Catalase and alkaline phosphatase activity in soil were enhanced by mycorrhizal inoculation.

Objective: To investigate the leveles of miRNA-122 and miR-221 in the serum of HCC patients, and explore the value of miR-122 plus miR-221 detections on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) diagnostic performance. methods：39 HCC patients and 40 healthy volunteers were recruited from Affiliated Hospital of NanTong University. The concentration of AFP in the serum samples was measured with abbott immunoassay instrument according to the calibrator dose response curve by the chemiluminescence method，and the data were collected. Expression of miRNAs was measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. ROC curves and t test were made by SPSS.17.0 to determine the feasibility of using serum miRNA level as diagnostic biomarkers for clinical HCC detecting. Results: Both miR-122 and miR-221 levels were significantly overexpressed in HCC specimens. Areas under receiver operating characteristic was 91.70%（89.2% of sensitivity and 77.8% of specificity）、94.50%（97.29% of sensitivity and 77.78% of specificity）、99.70%（90.90% of sensitivity and 77.80% of specificity) respectively. The accuracy reached 87.27%、90.90%、90.91% respectively. The accuracy of combined AFP with other two indicators(miR-122、miR-221) was the highest of all with 95.40% (Sensitivity: 98.50% and Specificity: 94.0%). According to the correlation analysis, there was no significant correlation between miRNAs and AFP in the serum of HCC. Conclusions: Serum miR-122, miR-221 can serve as potential diagnostic markers for detecting of HCC. The combination of miR-122 and miR-221 boosted the diagnostic performance in HCC detection.

In the past, the chlorine and hypochlorite are used as bleaching agent for wood and paper pulp bleaching in paper industry; nevertheless, the toxic effects restrict the speed of its promotion. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide are considered as appropriate substitution. According to the requirements of wood process and paper industry, the article describes a new combined generator of alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution and chlorine dioxide which is developed for generating the alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution on the cathode and chlorine dioxide on the anode by the electrolysis of sodium chloride. The calculated composite cost of hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide is 43% lower than that of traditional elemental chlorine-free and totally chlorine-free bleaching methods used on-site, on the same chemical equivalent.

This paper presents an image processing interface designed using monocular visual servoing approach to detect the object in the workspace for moving the object to another location by five-axis robot arm. Basic image processing techniques were used for object recognition and position determination. The inverse kinematics solution of the robot arm was performed with lookup table method and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Both Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial-Basis Function Network (RBFN) are used based on the forward kinematics solution. After the robot’s inverse kinematics solution was completed, the determined joint angle values were directed to the EDUBOT robot arm and then, moving the object to the desired location was realized successfully.

JEL Code: E44\n\nThis case study provides a brief description of the modernization and the main development stages of the Hungarian banking system and its role in the economy during the time of the crisis from 2008. The focus is on the factors mainly determined by the regulatory environment such as the entry of banks to the market, the ownership structure of the sector and competition in banking.\nThe weakness of the price competition which is less measurable and not price based has noticeably been increasing since the last decade. This race began with the expansion of sales channels and marketing which is based on cost competition.\nThe Hungarian banking system was less directly affected by the credit crunch. The vast majority of Hungarian banks were owned by foreign banks mostly in the euro zone, which assigned them responsibility for replacing capital.\nThe Hungarian National Bank provided liquidity instruments to commercial banks in order to overcome the shortage of liquidity and restore the lending capacity of banks.\nThe objective of the ‘bank rescue’ package was to improve the stability and capacity of the Hungarian creditor banks relying on the IMF loans; if necessary with guarantees and capital injection. The law basically opened up the possibility of state capital injection for Hungarian banks without dominant foreign owners.\nSince the Hungarian government also insisted on more tax reductions causing billion forints revenue loss (a flat-rate personal income tax, corporate tax credit extension), it needed other sources of income. The Government announced a patriotic economic policy including fight against multinational companies in order to protect the national capital. Distinction has been made between value-added work and the service sector.

Heterotopic gastric mucosa is described almost everywhere in the gastrointestinal tract from the oral cavity to the rectum; however, it is extremely rare to be found in the gallbladder. This report describes a 45-year-old woman who repeatedly vomited for 5 months. Sonography revealed a hyperechoic nodule with well-defined margins and regular figure. Color Doppler reviewed no internal vascularization. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) showed the nodule was quickly enhanced and soon exhibited a clear washout with hypoechogenicity. Enhanced computed tomography demonstrated a marginal enhancement of the nodular and the gallbladder carcinoma was highly suspected. The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the result of pathologically confirmed heterotopic gastric mucosa and polypoid hyperplasia.

This paper provides a critical overview of the scientific status of lie detector test (or polygraph test). The test consists of simultaneously monitoring several of the suspect\'s physiological functions - breathing, pulse, and galvanic skin response - and printing out the results on graph paper. The theory underlying a lie detector test is that lying is stressful, and that this stress can be measured and recorded on a polygraph machine. Polygraphs are perhaps the most controversial tool in law enforcement. Crime dramas have long depicted the polygraph\'s tangle of wires and wiggling chart lines uncovering lies during a hard-boiled criminal interrogation. As suspects are questioned, the device checks for sweaty skin or racing hearts to root out deception, but the machine\'s accuracy has long been in dispute. The paper analyzes the scientific legitimacy and the legal regulations of the use of polygraph test in Lithuania. The aim of this article is to familiarize readers with lie detector test (or polygraph test) and to critically evaluate it.

This paper aims at the obliteration of noise signals such as echo, random, background and pink noise from speech signals such as FM, CD, Auditorium and Teleconference by deploying adaptive filters. The canceller of the filter uses a few adaptive algorithms such as RLS (Recursive Least Mean Square), LMS (Fast Least Mean Square) and FxT-RLS (Fast Sectional Convolution Transversal Recursive Least Square). The FxT-RLS Algorithm is implemented by using a traversal structure for the sectional convolution FFT in F-RLS. In this method the signals are converted to their frequency domain by taking their FFT using a traversal structure. In RLS and LMS algorithm, a feedback loop is utilized but in FxT-RLS, blocks are used in the adaptive filter. These algorithms use FIR filters with taps, which are preferred to diminish the error signal emanating from the system where minimization of the errors are based on the stochastic gradient method. The noise signal and the algorithm are implemented in TMS320C6713.These algorithms are based on the following criteria: i) stability ii) complexity iii) Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) iv) Bit Error Rate (BER) v) Convergence Speed. Here, the comparison of all the algorithms is carried out and based on the above parameters FxT-RLS algorithm is found to be better than other two.

Abstract:\nAcute liver failure (ALF, sometimes referred to as fulminant hepatic failure) is a severe liver disease characterized by encephalopathy and coagulopathy in patients with previously normal liver function. It has a duration of less than 26 weeks and high mortality. The present study was investigated to evaluate the effects of Solanum surrattense on hepatic failure in female mices which experimentally infected byPlasmodium berghei,ANKA-strain. Female BALB/C mices (n=40) were allocated into four groups, group one received tachyzoites of P.berghei (ip) (n=10), group two received tachyzoites of P.berghei (ip) plus fresh Plant extract by gavage method (n=10), group three received just fresh Plant extract by gavage method (n=10) and control group (n=10) received nothing. Animals were kept in standard condition. In 14 day after inducing Plasmodium infection, 2CC blood were collected for serum GGT, GLDH, protein, albumin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. Liver tissues of mice in whole groups were removed and prepared for analysis. Serum albumin and TAC were significantly decreased in group that was infected with P.berghei, in comparison to control and Plant extract groups. Liver weights in plasmodium group significantly decreased in comparison to control group (P<0.05). This study showed that P.berghei have significantly effect on serum GGT, albumin, glutamate Dehydrogenase (GLDH), MDA and TAC and fresh plant extract returned and treated this harmful effect, so it is suggested that eating of plant extracts is useful in plasmodium infection.

Using the fixed point method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability for the systems of quadratic-cubic and\nadditive-quadratic-cubic functional equations in matrix non-Archimedean random normed spaces.