Information parameters showing the level of adaptation and regenerative resources of a liver of dogs at the reproductive period of ontogenesis and at the period of the expressed senile changes are investigated in norm and at a number of pathol-ogies. It is revealed an essential decrease in level of adaptation and regenerative resources at the period of the expressed senile changes in norm Thus, at non-neoplastic diseases of the liver, tissue system uses existing structural adaptation resources, the level of structural diversity of the system reduces, the number of redundant structural elements is also reducing, and it is a tendency to destroying the integrity of the system. At tumors there is a simplification of the information system of the liver, and as a consequence, increase of its reliability, ordering, is observed the tendency to system growth, which may testify to the compensatory-adaptive reactions in the organ.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304L stainless steel joints using Gas Tungsten Arc (GTA) welding. To investigate these three different electrodes of stainless steel such as 308L, 430L and 2209 are used as continuous filler metal for welding. Besides this tensile and impact specimens are prepared to evaluate the mechanical properties of the welded joints as per ASTM standard. GTA weld microstructures are presented by optical microscopy with various magnifications of weld metal region. The values obtained for ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, percentage of elongation and surface morphology for the welded joints are then compared with the data obtained. From this investigation, it has been found that the joints fabricated by 2209 stainless steel filler metal shows superior mechanical properties when compared to the joints fabricated by 308L and 430L stainless steel filler metal.

A high input and low output impedances voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter with three input terminals and one output terminal is presented. The proposed circuit uses one differential difference current conveyor (DDCC), two differential voltage current conveyors (DVCCs), one second-generation current conveyor (CCII), three grounded resistors and two grounded capacitors. The proposed circuit can realize all the standard filter functions, namely, lowpass, bandpass, highpass, notch and allpass. The proposed circuit offers the features of high input impedances, low output impedance, using only grounded resistors and capacitors, orthogonal controllability of resonance angular frequency and quality factor and needs not passive components matching conditions.

In this paper, genetic algorithm (GA) tuned PID controller is presented to solve the problem of automatic generation control (AGC) of four area interconnected power system having multi-generators and diverse sources of power generation. The comparison of integral, proportional integral (PI), proportional integral derivative (PID), optimal and sub-optimal controllers reveals that the PID controller gives better system performance. Then, the parameters of PID controller are tuned using GA. The superiority of the GA tuned PID controller is shown using the eigen values, damping ratio, settling time for frequency and tie-line power deviations and dynamic responses for the deviations. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis is carried out which demonstrates the robustness of the GA optimized PID parameters to wide variations in operating loading condition and time constants of turbine, speed governor and tie-line power. Finally, the controller is applied to a more realistic power system by considering the non-linear constraints like generation rate constant (GRC), governor deadband and time delay.

Antimicrobial activity of a Ruthenium (III) complex with N-phenyl-5-chlorosalicylideneimine ligands have been studied against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacterial strains by using disc diffusion method. The compound showed significant in vitro antimicrobial activities against community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, hospital acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. The minimal inhibitory concentration values of the compound were found to be in the range of 11.72–23.44 μg/mL. Additionally, minimal bactericidal concentration values and considerable sensitivity pathogenic gram–positive microorganisms on Ru(III) compound against led to conclude the complex have prospective antibiotic properties. The compound has no activity in vitro against gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028.

The present paper considers two types of definite integrals and uses Maple for verification. The closed forms of these definite integrals can be obtained using generalized Cauchy integral formula. In addition, some examples are used to demonstrate the calculations.

Preconditioned Krylov subspace methods have proved to be efficient for computing the smallest eigenvalue\nof large symmetric generalized eigenvalue problem. As in the case of linear systems the success of these methods in\nmany cases is due to the existence of good preconditioning techniques. In this paper we consider various \npreconditioners, such as ILU(0), ILU(k), ILUT(1), SSOR(Symmetric Successive OverRelaxation), and AGMG(AGgregate MultiGrid).\nWe tested on the large sparse symmetric matrices arising from discretizations of PDE(Partial Differential Equation)s on structured grids.\nOur results show that ILUT gives the best performance for almost all of the problems tested.

Commiphora gileadensis is a plant tree in the Burseraceae family that was cultivated in ancient times. The plant is also known as balsam, was renowned for the expensive perfume that was produced from it, as well as for exceptional medicinal properties that were attributed to its sap, wood, bark, and seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variants for assessing genetic relationships and diversity in Commiphora Gileadensis species collections. Selected plant species were collected from Al-Baha and Al-Jizan region from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. DNA was extracted from the selected plant species using the phenol-chloroform method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with the specific primers chosen from ITS2 gene. Later on, DNA sequencing was performed to find out the presence of mutation. In this study, we did not find any mutation after performing the PCR and DNA sequencing. In conclusion, we cannot find any mutation from the plant species B and J from Saudi Arabia.

We consider the conjugate gradient like methods for solving block symmetric indefinite linear systems. \nSpecial emphasis is put on the use of inverse reduced preconditioners that can reduce the amount of work \nrequired by the preconditioning step. Numerical experiments performed on a variety of test problems from \nthe Netlib LP collection and the practical structural analysis examples indicate computational promise.

With respect to the multi-attribute group decision-making problems in which the attribute values take the form of the interval grey linguistic variables, the multi-attribute group decision making method based on the interval grey uncertain linguistic variable generalized hybrid averaging (IGULGHA) operator is proposed. Firstly, the operation rules, the properties, and the comparing method of the interval grey uncertain linguistic variables are introduced. Then some aggregation operators are defined, such as interval grey uncertain linguistic variable generalized ordered weighted aggregation (IGULGOWA) operator, and interval grey uncertain linguistic variable generalized hybrid aggregation (IGULGHA) operator; some properties of these operators, such as commutativity, idempotency, monotonicity and bounded are proved, then the decision making methods based on these operators are proposed to solve the group decision making problems. Finally, a numerical example is used to show the proposed method, and the influence of the different position weight vector and the different parameter on decision making is analyzed. The result shows the approach is simple and effective.

This paper examines information flow of different investor trading between stock market and options market under different moneyness. We document regularities related to trading patterns of all investors, domestic institution investors, foreign institution investors, individual investors and market maker. Our sampling period covers from March 24, 2008 through to March 31, 2009, and consists of a period of bear market from May 21, 2008 through to November 20, 2008. We analyze the lead-lag effect between the stock and options markets, based on an emerging options market. Without considering investors and moneyness, we find that the stock market leads the options market. However, when considering investors and moneyness, the options market lead the stock as domestic institution investors trade in OTM of an entire period, OTM of a bear market, and foreign institution investors trade in bear markets. Therefore, institutional investors are likely to obtain informative information in OTM options.

This study investigated the effects of egg shape index and weight on the fertility rate, hatching performance, and hatchability of the Japanese quail. The study was conducted with 3220 quail eggs. The quail eggs were first weighed on precision scales with an accuracy of 0.01 g, after which their width and length was measured with a digital compass. The eggs were then transferred into an incubator by being grouped according to their shape index and weight. At the end of the incubation period, it was observed that eggs with shape index values less than 0.75 and between 0.75-0.85 had higher hatching performance and hatchability than the other groups (P<0.005), while the fertility rate was only low in groups with a shape index above 0.90. An increase in fertility rate, hatching performance, and hatchability was observed for eggs weighing 12 g or more. In conclusion, it was determined that egg shape index and weight have negative correlation on hatching performance.

Various systems and models generally referred to as Pavement Management Systems (PMS) are being developed to ensure effective management of road network. PMS presented in this article – „Road Network Management System” (RNMS) – is one of the systems. However, it includes a number of original solutions and algorithms to make the standard systems more accurate. Primarily, by application of the analytic – experimental design method and experimental Two-point Bending Test. The test was used for definition of local physico-mechanical pavement material properties and fatigue coefficient formulae. A two new algorithm are introduced, one for selection of repair methods; second, for Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) based on pavement performance models ascertained on a Circular Test Track (CTT) facility. Finally, an original optimization model is presented for the calculation of time at which a repair action achieves the most benefits.

Acyl carrier protein (ACP) is a small acidic protein that acts as an essential cofactor in many biosynthetic pathways depending on acyl transfer reactions. In this study, a new full-length cDNA of JcACP was obtained by RT-PCR technique from the energy plant Jatropha. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the JcACP gene revealed that Jatropha JcACP gene encodes a protein of 137 amino acids that belongs to PP-binding superfamily. Sequence alignment showed that its deduced amino acid sequence had high similarity with other ACP. qPCR analysis showed that JcACP was expressed in different tissues including the seed, leaf, root, flower, stem and pericarp. The JcACP gene displayed a bell-shaped pattern of expression, which had peak expression at 50 DAF. The results demonstrated that JcACP genes are required for lipid biosynthesis involved in both endosperm development and storage lipid accumulation.

This study has been conducted to compare the agronomic properties of 23 dwarf and semi-dwarf bean lines selected among domestic dry bean populations collected from Artvin province and Kelkit Valley with the control varieties. 23 domestic dry bean lines and 6 dry bean varieties (Zulbiye, Akdag, Goynuk 98, Sahin 90, Karacasehir 90 and Onceler) have been used in the analysis. Trial has been conducted by sowing plants in 5 m rows with 70 cm gaps in augmented trial pattern on Samsun ecological conditions on 18.05.2011. Plant height, pods per plant, seed per plant, 100 seed weight and yield per plant have been determined. Variance analyses according to augmented pattern have been conducted on the collected data and group means were tested for significant (p<0.05) differences. Analysis has revealed that line K.1128 had the greatest plant height and 100 seed weight with 106 cm and 48.62 g respectively where line A.26 had the greatest pod and seed per plant with 68.66 and 261 respectively. Line K.1032 had the greatest yield per plant with 73.01g. In conclusion, line A.26, A.27 and A.341 among the dwarf lines and lines K.1012, K.1032 and K.1128 among the semi-dwarf lines have been chosen to be included in the yield trials.

This paper considers two types of definite integrals and uses Maple for verification. The closed forms of the two types of definite integrals can be obtained using mean value theorem. On the other hand, some examples are used to demonstrate the calculations.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative autoimmune demyelinating disease affecting young adults. Possible abnormalities of serum or plasma components in patients with multiple sclerosis have attracted the attention of many investigators \nResearch question: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic dancing training on serum lipid profile in women with RRMS to assess if aerobic exercise group exhibit improvements in lipid profile compared to control group. \nType of study: Randomized controlled study. \nMethods: Twenty eight RRMS patients (age: 35.14±6.37 years; height: 163.0±6.65cm; weight: 68.62±12.31kg;Body mass index:25.75±3.89 kg/m-2 )with mild disability (EDSS≤ 3) participated in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups, exercise group (n=15) and control group (n=13). Exercise Group participated in aerobic dancing training program at 50 -70 % HRR for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Exercises performed in the study included of aerobic dancing training program.\n Triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were measured before and after 8 weeks. \nResults: At the end of the 8 week period, significant decreases have been found in TG, TC and VLDL levels in exercise group(P<0.05).While there were no significant changes for the investigated factors in control group (P>0.05). \nConclusions: The results confirm a regular aerobic exercise cause favorable changes in lipids and lipoproteins in women patients with MS. In general, aerobic exercise is effective intervention for the management MS complications.

The potential of nonliving Gracilaria persica as biosorbent in removal of Cadmium and Pb metal solution was determined. Apparently, the pseudo-second and mixed order models represented the kinetics of biosorption of Lead and Cd ions onto G. persica particles slightly better than the pseudo-first order model, although the first order model also represented the data reasonably well. The first order rate constant were found as k1=0.004 h-1 (R2=0.98) for Cd and k1=0.003 h-1 (R2=0.99) for Pb. The removal of test metals by algal biomass is very efficient at the start of the process. Pb and Cd sorption followed the Freundlich model more clearly than the Langmuir model. The relatively lower value of Kf for Cd than for Pb sorption by G. persica biomass implies that Cd binding by the test alga was stronger than the binding of Pb. Results clearly that the removal process was highly dependent on the pH of the metal solutions. Results obtained in this study have shown that G. persica is a good adsorbent for Cadmium and Pb elimination even at high metal concentration.\n Key words: Cadmium, Lead, Gracilaria persica, Removal, Biosorption. \nINTRODUCTION \nIn recent years, heavy metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems. Presence of heavy metals in some chemical industry wastewaters adversely affect the performance of biological treatment systems and also cause considerable toxic effects on the receiving environment (Karagi and Cilka, 2006).For this reason, removal and recovery of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters before biological treatment has gained significant attention in recent years.\nUncontrolled discharge of heavy metal containing wastewaters to the environment can be detrimental to humans, animals and the plants. The maximum cadmium and Pb uptake recommended by World Health Organization is 3 µg/L and 10 µg/L in drinking water (Wase and Forster, 1997). This is the main reason why it is necessary to find a technology to remove these compounds, especially from wastewaters.\nBiosorption in natural or uncontrolled situations typically involves a combination of active and passive transport mechanisms starting with the diffusion of the metal ion to the surface of the microbial cell. Once the metal ion has diffused to the cell surface, it will bind to sites on the cell surface which exhibit some chemical affinity for the metal (Aksu, 2005).\nDifferent methods were developed for removal of heavy metals from wastewater (Karagi and Cilka, 2006). Chemical methods require high capital and operating costs and may produce large volumes of solid wastes (Aksu, 2005).For this reason, biomaterials sorption been employed as a technique for heavy metal elimination. Any sorbent is considered as a low cost material if it is easily obtained and abundant in the environment. Algae are considered to be very good low cost sorbents, as many works have demonstrated high uptake capacities,

Mobile Ad hoc networks are self-configuring networks which used for storage , processing, and wireless communication capabilities of mobile devices to create unstructured and low-cost. Black Hole Attacks are serious problems to establish a communication in MANETs. In this work we present CCLAM, a new proposed approach using new classic clustering formatted graphs to identify the nodes who are trying to create a black hole. We use well-established architecture to gain information about the network topology, keep eyes on all ordinary nodes and master nodes and maintain database to update all kind of information which use to perform original checks of the routing information generated by the nodes in the network. We assume there is a node in the network generating fake and wrong routing information as malicious node. Therefore, we blow an flag and alarm if the verification check fails. Furthermore, we present promising first simulation results with our new architecture, it is possible to detect the attempt of creating a black hole before the actual attack occurs and prevent the network from malicious attack.

Citizens have an important role in making decisions on approval of environmental terms, the implementation of projects / investments, be they public or private. Public media are determined by the importance and complexity. Currently, in Romania the public consultation techniques used are: written information, public debate, referendum, in exceptional circumstances that require this method. If public acceptance is ignorance an environmental investment may be doomed to failure (if ecological deposit Timisoara-Romania).

In this paper we investigate ?-primary submodules which unify prime submodules and primary submodules. A number of main result about prime and primary submodules are extended into this general framework.

In this paper, a type of nonlinear epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate and time delay are studied. Taking time delay as a parameter, we considered the conditions that the model bifurcates. The direction of Hopf bifurcations and the stability of bifurcated periodic solutions are given.

Lornoxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory poorly water soluble drug. In this study, three lornoxicam liposomal gel formulations were prepared to improve its skin permeation and hence potentiate its local anti-inflammatory effect. The prepared formulations were traditional liposomes containing cholesterol (F1), ultra-deformable liposomes containing Tween 80 (F2) and modified liposomes containing cholesterol and Tween 80 (F3). All liposomal formulations were incorporated in 1% carbopol 974 as gelling agent. Liposomes were evaluated for its particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency percent and stability for 90 days at 4 °C while liposomal gel formulations were characterized for its in vitro lornoxicam release and ex vivo permeation through rat skin. Anti-inflammatory effect of lornoxicam gel formulations were evaluated in rats using carrageenan induced paw edema. In the study, the obtained liposomes had particle size of 451 nm, 112 nm and 223 nm for F1, F2 and F3 respectively and entrapment efficiency % of 79.4%, 56.5% and 68.8% for F1, F2 and F3 respectively. The stability study revealed that F1 vesicles have high physical stability followed by F3, while F2 showed the lowest stability in terms of vesicles size and entrapment efficiency %. The in vitro and ex vivo results showed higher drug release and permeability from F2 and F3 than that of F1. In addition, the results in this study revealed that lornoxicam liposomal formulations have significant higher anti-inflammatory effect than that of lornoxicam gel. All liposomal gel formulations have the ability to enhance lornoxicam anti-inflammatory effect in rats paw edema in comparison with lornoxicam gel.

Although rough set theory has been widely applied to remove redundancy features of dataset, it just works successfully in nominal domian. While dealing with hybrid data, fuzzy rough model can be more suitable for feature reduction. This paper makes a comprehensive study on two kinds of state of art fuzzy rough reduction algorithms, and theoretically proves that compared to positive region based fuzzy rough reduct, information entropy based fuzzy rough reduct can achieve better decision performance in most cases. For further comparison, a modified version of a representative information entropy based fuzzy rough reduction algorithm is proposed. Experimental results on several UCI datasets and a real problem case of ultrasonic flaw signal classification show that our proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional fuzzy rough based and crisp rough set based feature reduction algorithms.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the innovation tendencies of the managers of organizations operating in furniture industry. It was observed that the managers working in R&D departments of these organizations have some problems in terms of risk-taking while conducting their work and innovation-oriented initiations have decreased. The present research intends to reveal the causes of these problems and analyze them so that some contributions can be made to literature. \nThe research employed correlation and multiple-regression tests and t-test. The results of the analyses revealed that freedom-oriented managers working in the furniture industry have great influences on the perception of innovation in this industry and gender is not a significant factor affecting innovation and age and education have some influences on the perception of innovation.

In this paper the evaluation & performance analysis of an interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller (IT2 FLC) as a power system stabilizer (PSS) is carried out. The single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system is considered for evaluation and implementation of IT2 FLC as PSS. The input signals to the controller are considered as speed deviation & acceleration. The evaluation of the controller is considered with 20 separate types of membership functions (MFs) and treated as IT2 FPSS on SMIB system to evaluate the performance of each. The performance of these MFs is evaluated graphically as well as in terms of ISE, IAE & ITAE as the performance index. The better suitable MF as FPSS is decided out of considered 20 MFs. The selected MF based IT2 FPSS is tested for small signal performance analysis of an SMIB system with wide operating conditions of a power system. The performance with IT2 FPSS is compared to the performance of the power system without PSS & with conventional PSS.

Aquaculture production is carried out in two different ways: sea and inland water fishing, aquaculture in seas and territorial waters (culture fishing). For a sustainable fishing, the amount of the fishable fishes has reached to the top level. As the aquaculture was developed, the amount of produced haul has shown an increase of 240% since 2002. According to the data of 2012 on the culture fishing in Turkey, there are 2163 active enterprises in total 1791 of which produce fresh water fish. The trout (Oncorhynhcus mykiss) haul comes in first by an amount of nearly 100 thousand tons. Enterprises producing trout in our country and in the World have many problems. There is a need of a scientific research and determination of solution proposals for the resolution of these problems. Delphi technique which is a data collection approach has been used since it has never been used before in the researched related to aquaculture. Determining the problems of the trout enterprises in Turkey, this study has set solution proposals by estimating the effect of these problems to the socio-economic and environmental tendencies. In conclusion it is obvious that, with the resolution of the problems set forth by the experts working actively in the trout aquaculture sector in various regions of Turkey, the sector shall make progress both in economic and in scientific terms in our country.

In this paper, we solve the additive functional inequality\n\\begin{eqnarray}\n\\|f(x+y)-f(x)-f(y)\\| &\\le & \\left\\|f\\left(\\frac{x+y}{2}\\right)-\\frac{1}{2} f(x) - \\frac{1}{2} f(y)\\right\\| \\end{eqnarray}\nand the quadratic functional inequality\n\\begin{eqnarray}\n&& \\|f(x+y)+f(x-y)-2f(x)-2f(y)\\| \\\\ && \\qquad \\le \\left\\|f\\left(\\frac{x+y}{2}\\right) + f\\left(\\frac{x-y}{2}\\right)-\\frac{1}{2} f(x) - \\frac{1}{2} f(y)\\right\\| . \\nonumber\n\\end{eqnarray}\n\nFurthermore, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the functional inequalities (0.1) and (0.2) in Banach spaces and prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of functional equations associated with the functional inequalities (0.1) and (0.2) in Banach spaces.

Background: The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is encoded by the VDR gene. Several studies have indicated that variants of this gene are associated with diabetes. The VDR/RXR heterodimer binds to the vitamin D response element (VDRE in the promoter region of the BGLAP gene and it has a function as an enhancer of this gene. VDRE is associated with basal transcription rate of osteocalcin (OC) during osteoblast differentiation.\nOC is a peptide encoded by the BGLAP gene. OC has been described as a regulator of glucose metabolism in mice. OC level is decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although inversely correlated with serum glucose, insulin and glycated hemoglobin; it is unclear whether OC reduction is caused by diabetes or plays a role in the pathogenesis and/or progression of the disease. \nIn this study we analyzed the association between VDR TaqI and ApaI polymorphisms in relation to OC serum concentration in patients with T2D and healthy subjects (HS) in the western Mexican population.\nMethods: Patients underwent clinical and nutritional assessment. Genomic DNA was extracted from nuclear cells using a standard salting out procedure. The polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-RFLP\'s method. OC and insulin concentrations were measured by immunoassay (ELISA). \nResults: No significant difference was detected in genotype or allele distribution between T2D and HS (p>0.05). Furthermore, no association between ApaI and TaqI genotypes and age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), glucose or OC was observed.\nConclusion: The present study suggests that these VDR polymorphisms are not a risk factor for T2D susceptibility in the western Mexican population.

The modified (g′/g2)- expansion method for finding traveling wave solutions of nonlinear\nevolution equations is presented in this article, which can be considered as a generalization of\nthe well known (G\n′\nG )-expansion method given recently by M. Wang et al. As applications of\nthis method, we study some nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics, namely, the\n(3+1)-dimensional Potential-YTSF equation and the (1+1)-dimensional Vakhnenko equation.\nWith this method, general types of soliton solutions, periodic solutions and rational solutions\nfor these nonlinear evolution equations are obtained.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of weak-group, hemi-group, weak-B-algebra and hemi-B-algebra\n as examples of constructions on general types of algebras. We show that in these cases the groupoid types obtained are (logically) equivalent. As a further consequence we are also able to show that they are logically equivalent to groups and B-algebras. Finally, some observations of a more general nature are also considered.

A reversed-phase HPLC-DAD method for determination of menadione (MN) by converting menadione sodium bisulphite (MSB) to MN in rabbit plasma was developed and validated. C8 column with gradient elution of methanol and water with DAD detection at 330 nm in chromatographic separation and the one-step extraction method of MN from plasma matrix with n-hexane using menatetrone (MT) as internal standard (IS) was used. The calibration curve of MN was linear between concentration ranges of 0.061-12.2 μg/mL. Average recovery of MN and IS from the biological matrix was obtained approximately 96.3% and 98.9%, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were between 1.35-3.12% and 2.79-6.45%, respectively. In addition, the proposed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study by converting MSB to MN in New Zealand white rabbits receiving an intravenous high-dose injection of 100-mg MSB.

Aim: To study the effects of supplementing qi and herbs that promote neovascularization on angiogenesis and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin (ES) protein in experimentally induced acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rats.\nMethods: Left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to establish the AMI model of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats with AMI were randomly divided into 6 groups，including model group(control), activating blood circulation herbs group (blood group), supplementing qi herbs group(qi group), supplementing qi herbs /activating blood circulation herbs 1:2 group (1:2 Group), supplementing qi herbs/activating blood circulation herbs 2:1 group (2:1 Group) and Tong-xin-luo capsule group(TXL group),and a sham operation group (sham group) set up as negative control group. Microvascular vascular count （MVC） and expressions of VEGF and ES protein were detected and indexes were detected at 7th, 14th and 28th day according to the survival numbers in each group. \nResults: The results showed that supplementing qi in combination with activating blood circulation herbs was better than pure application of supplementing qi and activating blood herbs in promoting angiogenesis through probably increased expression of VEGF. Large doses of qi herbs combined with small doses of activating herbs are superior to small doses of supplementing qi and large doses of activating blood herbs in promoting the angiogenesis, increasing VEGF protein expressions and reducing ES protein expressions. It showed that there was a dose-response effect of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs promoting angiogenesis. Time played an important role in this process. The mechanism of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs and combination of both promoted angiogenesis due to possibly to increased VEGF protein expressions and reduced ES protein expressions. Therefore it seems that qi in combination with herbs that promote blood circulation could be beneficial possibly in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Further studies may be necessary to validate these findings in experimental animals to human patients.